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PhotcMBphic 

Sci&ces 
Corporation 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

(716)  873-4503 


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CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICIVIH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  IVlicroreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


Si^ 


:\ 


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O 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notrs/Notas  tachniquas  at  bibliographiquas 


Tha  Instltuta  has  attamptad  to  obtain  tha  bast 
original  copy  available  for  filming.  Features  of  this 
copy  which  may  be  bibliographically  unique, 
which  may  altar  any  of  the  images  in  the 
reproduction,  or  which  may  significantly  change 
the  usual  method  of  filming,  are  checked  below. 


D 


Coloured  covers/ 
Couverture  de  couleur 


I      I    Covers  damaged/ 


Couverture  endommag^ 

Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  restauree  et/ou  pellicul^e 

Cover  title  missing/ 

Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 

Coloured  maps/ 

Cartes  g^ographiques  en  couleur 

Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)/ 
Encre  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 

Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 
Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  couleur 

Bound  with  other  material/ 
RmM  avec  d'autres  aocuments 


n 


n 


D 


Ti^ht  binding  may  cause  shadows  or  distortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

La  rti  liure  serr^e  peut  causer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
ditflorsion  le  long  de  la  marge  intdrleure 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  these 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
II  sa  peut  que  certaines  pages  blanches  ajouties 
lors  d'une  restauration  apparaissent  dans  le  texte, 
mais,  lorsque  cela  dtait  possible,  cas  pages  n'ont 
pas  iti  film^as. 

Additional  comments:/ 
Commentaires  supplimentaires: 


L'Institut  a  microfilm^  le  meilieur  exemplaire 
qu'il  lui  a  iti  possible  de  se  procurer.  Les  details 
de  cet  exemplaire  qui  sont  peut-dtre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographique,  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reproduite,  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  una 
modification  uans  la  m^thode  normaje  de  fiimage 
sont  indiquis  ci-dessous. 


D 
D 

n 

E 

n 
n 

D 

n 


Coloured  pages/ 
Pages  de  couleur 

Pages  damaged/ 
Pages  endommagdes 

Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Pages  restaurdes  et/ou  pellicuides 

Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 
Pages  ddcolor^es,  tachatdes  ou  piqudes 

Pages  detached/ 
Pages  ddtachdes 

Showthrough/ 
Transparence 

Quality  of  print  vanes/ 
Quality  inigale  de  I'lmpression 

Includes  supplementary  material/ 
Comprend  du  materiel  suppl^mentaire 

Only  edition  available/ 
Seuie  Edition  disponible 

Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  ate,  have  been  refilmed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  pages  totalement  ou  partiellement 
obscurcies  par  un  fauillet  d'errata,  una  pelure, 
etc.,  ont  6t6  filmies  d  nouveau  de  facon  ^ 
obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checkeu  below/ 

Ce  document  est  filmA  au  taux  de  reduction  indiqui  ci-dessous. 

10X  14X  18X  2?.X 


y 


26X 


30X 


12X 


16X 


aox 


24X 


28X 


32X 


tails 
du 

jdifier 
une 
nage 


rata 
> 


elure, 


n 


I2X 


The  copy  filmed  hers  has  be«n  reproduced  thanks 
to  the  generosity  of: 

D.  B.  Weldon  Library 
University  of  Western  Ontario 
(Regional  History  Room) 

The  images  appearing  here  are  the  best  quality 
possible  considering  the  condition  and  legibility 
of  the  original  copy  and  in  Iceeping  with  the 
filming  contract  specifications. 


Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  are  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, or  the  back  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  impression. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  —^»( meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  V  (meaning  "ENO"). 
whichever  applies. 

Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  largsi  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  film<Bd 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  loft  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


1 

2 

3 

L'exemplaire  fiimi  fut  reproduit  grice  d  la 
g^n^rositi  de: 

D.  B.  Weldon  Library 
University  of  Western  Ontario 
(Regional  History  Room) 

Les  images  suivantss  ont  6t6  reproduites  £;vec  le 
plus  grand  soin,  compte  tenu  de  la  condition  at 
de  la  netteti  de  l'exemplaire  filmA,  at  en 
conformity  avec  les  conditions  du  contrat  de 
filmage. 

Les  exemplaires  originaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
papier  est  imprimte  sont  filmis  an  commen^ant 
par  le  premier  plat  et  en  tarminant  soit  par  ia 
derniire  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration,  soit  par  le  second 
plat,  seion  le  cas.  Tous  las  autres  exemplaires 
originaux  sont  film^s  en  commenpant  par  la 
premiere  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  dernidre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 

Un  des  symboies  suivants  apparaitra  sur  la 
dernidre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbole  — ^  signifie  "A  SUIVRE ',  le 
symbole  V  signifie  "FIN". 

Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvenjt  dtre 
fllmte  d  des  taux  de  reduction  diffdrents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  §tre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  clichi,  il  est  film^  d  partir 
de  Tangle  supirieur  gauche,  de  gauche  §  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'Images  ndcessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  m^thode. 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

i«p 


FI 


COENELL'S 


FIRST  STEPS  IN  GEOGRAPHY. 


BY 


S.   S.  CORNELL, 


COEKESPONDING   UEMBEB  OF  THE  AMERICAN   GEOGKAPHICAL  AND  STATISTICAL  SOCIETY. 


4 
I   L 


NEW  YORK: 
B.    APPLE  TON    &    COMPANY, 

1,    S,    AND    5   BOND    STREET. 


MMMjfiim  'iiirtifiriiiriiii 


V^ 


PREFACE. 


This  little  work  has  been  prepared  at  the  request  of  numerous  teachers,  expressly 
'  for  the  use  of  Primary  Schools. 

!  It  will  be  found,  upon  examination,  exceedingly  simple  and  easy  to  be  committed 
I  to  memory.  The  definitions  of  the  Natural  Divisions  of  the  Earth's  Surface  are  as 
I  brief  as  possible,  and  they  arc  fully  illustrated  by  means  of  pictures  and  diagrams ; 
I  the  former  showing  the  object  as  it  appears  in  nature,  the  latter  the  manner  of  rep- 
j  resenting  it  on  a  map.  The  definitions  are  also  given  in  the  form  of  a  review.  This 
i  double  method  is  designed  to  assist  the  memory  of  the  youthful  student  and  enable 
him  thoroughly  to  master  the  subject. 

The  Maps  are  clear  and  beautiful,  and  all  that  they  contain  is  asked  about  in  the 
i  accompanying  lessons. 


LIST    OF    :^/£j^:bs. 


1. 

2, 
8. 
4. 
6. 
6. 
7. 
8. 
9. 


THE  "WORLD,  showing  the  Land  nad  Water. 
THE  WORLD,  showing  the  Continents. 
THE  WORLD,  showfnc  the  Grand  Divisions. 
THE  WESTERN  HEMISPHERE. 
THE  EASTERN  HEMISPHERE. 
NORTH  AMERICA. 
SOUTH  AMERICA. 
EUROPE. 
ASIA. 


10.  AFRICA. 

n.  BRITISH  AMERICA. 

12.  UNITED  STATES. 

13.  THE  EASTERN  STATES. 

14.  THE  MIDDLE  STATES. 

15.  THE  SOUTHERN  STATES. 

16.  THE  WESTERN  STATES. 

17.  THE  TERRITORIES. 

18.  OCEANIA. 


Entered,  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1858,  by  S.  S.  Cornell,  in  the  Clerk's  Office  of  the  District  Court  for  the  South- 
ern District  of  New  York. 

Entered,  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  tn  the  year  1876,  by  D.  Appleton  &  Co.,  In  the  Office  of  the  Librarian  of  Congress,  at  Wash- 
ington. 


^A 


i         )!' 


'% 


I 


CORlvrELL'S 

FIRST   STEPS   IN  GEOGRAPHY. 


^'-n-/.    ^  /  ..^ 


LESSON    I. 

Spell  the  fGllowing  words : 

Go-og'ra-phy, 


Earth, 

Plan'ct, 

Sci'enoe, 


De-scrip'tion, 
Com-posed'. 


Wliat  is  the  Earth  ? 

The  Earth  is  the  planet  on  which 
we  live. 


What  is  the  shape  of  the  Earth  ? 
The  Earth  is  round,  like  an  orange 
or  a  ball. 

What  science  teaches  it^  about  the  surface  of 
the  Earth? 

Geography. 

117ta<  is  Georjraphy  ? 

Geography  is  a  description  of  the 
surface  of  the  Earth. 


'% 


CORNELL'S  FIRST   STEPS  IN   GEOGRAPHY. 


What  do  you  mean  by  tlie  surface  of  the 
Earth  ? 

The  outside  of  the  Earth. 

Do  you  live  on  the  surface  of  the  Earth  ? 
Yes. 

Of  what  is  the  surface  of  the  Earth  com- 
posed ? 

Land  and  water. 


LESSON 

II. 

Spell  the  folloioing  tvords. 

Draw'ings, 

Di-rec'tioTi9, 

Di-vi'dcd, 

To'ward, 

1         Pi'in'ci-pal, 

Be-tweeu''. 

How' is  the  Earih''s  surface  shown  in  books  ? 

By  drawmgs  called  Maps. 

What  is  a  Map? 

A  Map  is  a  drawing  of  the  Earth's 
surface. 

What  do  Maps  shoio  ? 

Maps  show  how  the  Earth's  surface 
is  divided. 

Wliat  are  the  principalr^irectioiis  on  a  Map  ? 

North,  East,  South,  and  West.  / 


What  part  of  a  Map  is  North  ? 

The  part  toward  the  top. 

What  part  of  a  Map  is  East  ? 

The  part  toward  the  right  hand. 

Wiat  part  of  a  Map  is  South  ? 

The  part  toward  the  bottom. 

]]7iat  part  of  a  Map>  is  West  ? 

The  part  toward  the  left  hand. 

LESSON    III. 


/-■ 


y 


What  other  directions  are  there  on  Maps  ? 

North-east,  South-east,  North-west, 
and  South-west. 

What  part  of  a  Map  is  North-east  ? 

The  part  toward  the  right-hand 
corner  at  the  top. 

]Miat  j)art  of  a  Map  is  South-east  ? 

The  part  toward  the  right-hand 
corner  at  the  bottom. 

What  part  of  a  Map  is  North-ivest  ? 

The  part  toward  the  left-hand  cor- 
ner at  the  top. 

What  2Mrt  of  a  Map  is  South-west  ? 

The  part  toward  the  left-hand  cor- 
ner at  the  bottom. 

Between  what  points  is  North-east  ? 

Between  the  North  and  the  East. 

Between  what  points  is  South-east  ? 

Between  the  East  and  the  South. 

Betivecn  what  points  is  North-west? 

Between  the  North  and  the  West. 

Beticecn  what  points  is  South-west  ? 

Between  the  South  and  the  West. 


%  I 


I 


Spell 


S 

A:^ 

Wia. 

It  s 

the  Ej 

What 
The 
Wliai 
The 
How 
Thr 


■wnHMMMiMW 


imm 


;  hand. 


)m. 


land. 


I  Maps  ? 
•rth-westj 


ght-hand 


t? 
ght-hand 

St? 

hand  cor- 

it? 

hand  cor- 


t? 

be  East. 

t? 

e  South. 

U? 

he  AVest. 

i? 

he  West. 

DEFINITIONS. 


MAP     OF     THE     WORLD, 

Sbowing  the  Land  and  Water. 


LESSON    IV. 


Spell  the  folloicing  zcorcls  : 

Col'orcd,  Ilom'i-sphere, 

Un-col'ored,  Ije-cause', 

Sphere,  Globe. 


]\7iat  is  the  above  Map  called? 
A  Map  of  the  World. 
M^mt  docs  it  show  ? 

It  shows  the  Land  and  Water  on 
the  Earth. 

Vi-hat  does  the  colored  part  of  the  Map  show? 

The  Land. 

Wliat  does  the  uncolored part  show  ? 

The  Water. 

How  much  more  Water  it  there  than  Land  ? 

Three  times  as  much. 

— i 


The  Eastern  Hemisphen?. 

I       How  is  the  above  Map)  divided? 

Into  two  jDarts. 

What  are  they  called  ? 

One  is  called  the  Western  Hemi- 
sphere, and  the  other  the  Eastern 
Hemisphere. 

Of  ivhat  two  icords  is  Hemisphere  composed? 

Hemi  and  sphere. 

WJiat  does  Hani  mean  ? 

Ilemi  means  half.  ». 

WJiat  docs  Spjhere  mean  ? 
Sphere  means  a  round  body. 
What,  then,  does  Hemisphere  mean  ? 
Hemisphere  means  half  a  sphere. 

\}^iat  is  the  Earth  sometimes  called? 
A  Sphere  or  Globe. 


IHH 


? 


6 


CORNELL'S  FIRST  STEPS  IN  GEOGRAPHY. 


Whj? 

Because  it  is  round  like  a  Sphere 

or  Globe. 

What  is  a  3Iap  of  the  Western  half  of  the 
Earth  called  ?  -^» 


The  Western  Hemisphere. 
What  is  a  Map  of  the  Eastern  half  of  the 
Earth  called? 

The  Eastern  Hemisphere. 


MAP    OF     THE    WORLD, 

Showing  the  Continent!;. 


The  Western  Heuii--pliore. 


The  Eastern  Hemisphere. 


LESSON    V. 

Spell  the  following  uords  : 

Con'ti-neiit,  Aus-tra'li-an. 


Aus-tra'li-a, 


iSur-round'ed. 


\]7iat  is  the  above  3Iap  called? 
A  Map  of  the  World. 
]Vhat  does  it  shoiv  ? 

It  shows  the  names  of  the  three 
largest  bodies  of  Land  on  the  Earth. 

What  are  their  names  ? 
The  Western,  the  Eastern,  and  the 
Australian  Continent. 


What  is  a  Continent  ? 

A  Continent  is  a  large  body  of  land 
surrounded  by  water. 

How  many  Continents  are  there  ? 
There  are  three  Continents. 

What   Continent  is  in  the   Western  Hemi- 
sphere ?  .    __ 

The  Western  Continent. 

]\liat  Continents  are  in  the  Eastern  Hemi- 
sphere ? 

The   Eastern   and   the  Australian 

Continent. 


,1 

\ 
% 


half  of  the 


ly  of  land 

ts. 

stern  Hemi- 

istern  Hcmi- 
Australian 


i 


DEFINITIONS. 


In  what  parts  of  the  Western  Hemisphere  is 
the  Western  Continent? 

In  the   northern  and  the  eastern 

part. 

In  what  parts  of  the  Eastern  Hemisphere  is 
the  Eastern  Continent  ? 

In  the  northern  and  the  western 

part. 


In  what  part  of  the  Eastern  Hemisphere  is 
the  Australian  Continent,  or  Australia? 
In  the  south-eastern  part. 

In  what  direction  from  the   Western  is  the 
Eastern  Continent? 
It  is  east. 

In  what  direction  from  the  Eastern   Conti- 
nent is  Australia? 
It  is  south-east. 


MAP    OF     THE    WORLD, 

Showing  the  Grand  Divisions  and  the  Oceana. 


The  Western  Hemisphere. 


The  Eastern  Hemisphere. 


LESSON    VI. 

Spell  thefollotoing  words : 

Ame-rica,  a-mer'e-ka.  Africa,  af  re-ka. 

Europe,  u'rope.  Ocean,  o'shun. 

Asia,  a'she-a. 


IMiat  does  the  above  Map  show  ? 
It  shows  how  the  Continents  are 
divided. 


How  is  the  Western  Continent  divided  ? 
Into    North   America   and   South 
America. 

How  is  the  Easfern  Continent  divided? 

* 

Into  Europe,  Asia,  and  Africa. 
What  are  these  divisions  called? 
Grand  Divisions  of  the  Earth. 


!i 


CORNELL'S  FIRST  STEPS  IN  GEOGRAPUY. 


How  many  Grand  Divisions  are  there  in  the 
Western  IJemisphere  ? 
Two. 

How  many  Orand  Divisions  are  there  in  the 
Eastern  Hemisphere  ? 

Four. 


Wliere  is  the  Arctic  Ocean? 
In  the  northern  part  of  the  West- 
ern and  the  Eastern  Hemisphere. 
Where  is  the  Pacific  Ocean  ? 
In  the  eastern  part  of  the  Eastern 
Hemisphere,  and    the   western    part 
How  many  Orand  Divisions  of  land  are  there   ^f  ^^^  Western  Hemisphere. 

WJicre  is  the  Indian  Ocean  ? 

In  the  central  part  of  the  Eastern 
Hemisphere. 

Wlicrc  is  the  Southern  Ocean  ? 

In  the  southern  part  of  the  Eastern 
and  the  Western  Hemisph  re. 

Wifvc  is  the  Atlantic  Ocean  ? 

In  the  eastern  part  of  tlie  Western 


on  the  Earth? 

Six. 

Mention  them. 

North    America,    South    America, 
Europe,  Asia,  Africa,  and  Australia. 

Of  thesc^  which  is  the  largest  ? 

xVsia. 

Which  is  the  smallest? 
Australia. 

What  else  is  shown  on  the  Map,  besides  the 
Grand  Divisions  of  the  land? 

The  Grand  Divisions  of  the  Ocean. 
Wliat  is  the  Ocean  ? 

It   is   a    very   largo    body   of   salt 
water. 


LESSON    VII. 

Spell  the  following  words  : 
Atlantic,  at-lan'tik.  Pacific,  pa-siflc. 


Arctic,  ark'tik. 


ludian,  in'de-an. 


How  is  the  Ocean  divided? 
Into  five  parts. 
What  is  eachjmrt  called? 
Each  part  is  called  an  Ocean. 
What  are  the  names  of  these  five  Oceans  ? 
The  Arctic,  the  Pacific,  the  Indian, 
the  Southern,  and  the  Atlantic  Ocean. 


Hemisphere  and  the  western  part  of 
the  Eastern  Hemisphere. 

In  what  direction  from  North  America  is  the 
Arctic  Ocean? 

North. 

In  what  direction  from  Europe  and  Asia  ut 
the  Arctic  Ocean? 

North. 

In  tvhat  direction  from  Asia  is  the  Pacific 
Ocean  ? 

East, 

In  what  direction  from  Africa  is  the  Indian 

Ocean  ? 

East. 

In  u'hat  direction  from  Africa  and  Europe  is 
the  Atlantic  Ocean? 
West. 

In  what  direction  from  North  and  South 
America  is  the  Pacific  Ocean  ? 
West. 


V*   I  wate 


»v 


DEFINITIONS. 


he  West- 
liere. 

Eastern 
ern    part 

I  Eastern 

Eastern 

e. 

Western 
1  part  of 

erica  is  the 
nd  Asia  ut 

the  Pacific 

the  Indian 

Europe  is 

ind  South 


1 

I 


»t 


LESSON    VIII. 

Spell  the/olUming  words : 

Island,  I'Und,  Isthmus,  i^t'mue. 

Peninsula,  pen-ln'»hu-l«.      Connecting,  kon-nekt'lng. 


« 


Here  is  n  ricture  of  a  portion  of  land  something  like  an  Island,  only  | 
it  is  not  quite    ';rroanded  by  water.     It  is  uallud  a  reuiusuls. 

Mliat  is  a  Peninsula  ? 

A  Peninsula  is  land  not  quite  sur- 

Here  \%  (i  Picture  of  some  land  surrounded  by  water.    It  is  called  an     rOUndcCl   by  Water, 

What  is  an  Isthmus  ? 
What  is  an  Island  ?  .  |      An  Isthmus  is  land  which  joins  a 

An  Island  is  land  surrounded  by   Peninsula  to  the  main  land, 
water. 


Here  is  a  Map  of  on  Island. 

By  what  is  an  Island  surrounded? 
By  Water. 


Here  is  a  Map  of  a  Peninsula  and  an  Isthmus. 

Wliat  is  land  called  which  is  almost  sur- 
rounded by  loater  ? 

What  is  land  called  ivhen  quite  surrounded  by 

* 

water  ? 


m 


CORNELL'S  FIRST  STEPS  IX  GEOGRAPHY. 


LESSON   IX. 

Spell  the  foUoioing  words: 

Pro-jects', 
Moun'tain, 


Here  !s  a  Picture  of  a  Cape. 

What  is  a  Cave  ? 

A  Cape  is  a  point  of  land  which 
projects  into  the  water. 


Here  ii  a  Picture  of  lome  Monntaina. 

What  is  a  Mountain  ? 

A  Mountain  is  land  much  higher 
than  the  surrounding  country. 

What  is  a  Mountain  Range  or  Chain  ? 

Many  Mountains  joined  together. 

What  rs  a  Volcano  ? 

A  Volcano  Is  a  mountain  which 
sometimes  sends  forth  fire,  smoke, 
ashes,  and  lava. 


Here  is  a  Mnp  of  s  portion  of  some  country,  and  on  its  coast  yon 
s^e  three  Capes. 

ivaatica  point  of  ladcl  which  projects  into 
the  water  called? 


Here  is  a  Map  of  a  Mountain  Chain. 

Mention  the  vxmcs  of  the  Natural  Divisions 
if  the  land. 

Continent,  Island,  Peninsula,  Isth- 
mus, Cape,  and  Mountain. 


li 


'^'mmmllmm 


MPMW 


higher 

I  in  ? 
^ether. 

L  which 
smoke, 


Divisions 
a,  Isth- 


DEFINITIONS. 


11 


LESSON    X. 

Spell  the  following  words  : 

Sea,  Ex-tend'ing, 


In-closed/ 

15  trait, 


Gulf, 
Sep'a-rates. 


T> 


[1/  what  is  a  Sea  partly  inclosed? 
By  land. 


Here  is  a  Picture  of  a  body  of  water  called  a  Sea. 

What  is  a  Sea  ? 

A  Sea  is  a  large  body  of  water, 
next  in  size  to  an  Ocean. 


Here  Is  a  Picture  of  a  body  of  water.    It  Is  called  a  Gulf  or  Bay . 

]]liat  is  a  Gulf  or  Bay  ? 
A  Gulf  or  Bay  is  a  body  of  water 
extending  into  the  land. 


Here  Is  a  Map  of  s  Son. 

W?mt  bodies  of  water  are  larger  than  Seas  ? 
Oceans. 


Here  is  a  Map  of  a  Bay. 

What  is  a  body  of  water  extending  into  the 
land  called  ? 


Mi 


12 


CORNELL'S  FIRST  STEPS  IN  GEOGRAPHY. 


Hero  ta  a  Plctnro  of  a  narrow  body  of  wat«r  between  two  larger 
bodies  of  wa'er.    It  is  callt-d  a  Strait. 

"What  is  a  Strait? 

A  Strait  is  a  narrow  passage  which 
connects  two  hirji-cr  bodies  of  water. 


liESSON    XI. 

iS^eU  ihefolloicing  words: 


Lake, 

Kiv'er, 

Chan'nel, 


Source, 
Mouth, 
Shal'low. 


Hero  is  a  Map  of  a  Strait, 

Mliaf  docs  a  Strait  sepmuyfc? 

It  separates  two  bodies  of  hmd. 

]]7iat  docs  a  Strait  combed? 

It  connects  two  bodies  of  water. 

Is  a  Strait  narroircr  or  icider  iJiau  the  bodies 
of  water  which  it  counects  / " 


What  is  a  Channel  ? 

A  Channel  is  a  wide  Strait. 

What  is  a  Sound? 

A  shallow  Strait  or  Bay.   ^ 


Here  is  a  Picture  of  a  body  of  water.    It  is  called  a  Lake. 


What  is  a  Lake  ? 

A  Lake  is  a  body  of  water  almost, 
or  quite,  inclosed  by  land. 


M 


m\ 


Here  is  a  Map  of  two  Lakes. 


DEFINITIONS. 


13 


Here  is  a  Picture  of  a  pretty  stream  of  water.     It  is  called  a 

River. 

What  is  a  River  ? 

A  River  is  a  stream  of  water  flow- 
ing through  the  land. 


What  is  a  stream  of  water  called  ? 

A  River. 

What  is  the  Source  of  a  River? 

The  Source  of  a  River  is  where  it 
rises. 

What  is  the  Mouth  of  a  River  ? 

The  Mouth  of  a  River  is  where  it 
empties. 

What  are  the  mimes  of  the  Natural  Divisions 
of  the  Water? 

Ocean,  Sea,  Gulf  or  Bay,  Strait, 
Channel,  Sound,  Lake,  and  River. 

LESSON   XII. 
Kevlew  of  the  Principal  DeCnitlons. 

Geogeaphy  is  a  description  of  the 
Earth. 

The  Eaeth  is  the  Planet  or  body 
on  which  we  live. 

The  Earth's  Surface  is  composed 
of  Land  and  Water. 

A  Map  is  a  drawing  of  the  Earth's 
Surface. 

The  Principal  Directions  on  a 
Map  are  North,  East,  South,  and 
West. 

The  Other  Directions  on  a  Map 
are  North-east,  South-east,  North- 
west, and  South-west. 

North  is  toward  the  top  of  a 
Map. 

South  is  toward  the  bottom  of  a 
Map. 


•s*» 


14 


CORNELL'S  FIRST   STEPS  IN  GEOGRAPHY. 


East  is  toward  the  right-hand  side 
of  a  Map. 

West  is  toward  the  left-hand  side 
of  a  Map. 


LESSON    XIII. 
Kolew   of  the   Prinelpnl   Definitions-Continued. 

The  Earth  is  sometimes  called  a 
Sphere. 

A  Sphere  is  a  round  body. 

A  Hemisphere  is  half  of  a  round 
body. 

A  Map  of  the  World  contains 
two  Hemispheres ;  one  is  called  the 
Western,  and  the  other  the  Eastern, 
Hemisphere. 

A  Map  of  the  Western  Hemi- 
sphere is  a  Map  of  the  western  half 
of  the  Earth. 

A  Map  of  the  Eastern  Hemi- 
sphere is  a  Map  of  the  eastern  half 
of  the  Earth. 


An  Isthmus  is  land  which  joins  a 
Peninsula  to  the  main-land. 

A  Cape  is  a  point  of  land  which 
projects  into  the  water. 

A  Mountain  is  land  much  higher 
than  the  surrounding  country. 

A  Mountain  Range  or  Chain  is 
many  mountains  joined  together. 

A  Volcano  is  a  Mountain  which 
sometimes  sends  forth  fire,  smoke, 
ashes,  and  lava. 


LESSON   XIV. 
Review  of  tlie  Principal  neflnltlons-Contlnucd. 

A  Continent  is  a  large  body  of 
land  surrounded  bv  water. 

An  Island  is  land  surrounded  by 
water. 

A  Peninsula  is  land  not  quite  sur- 
rounded by  water. 


A  Volcano. 


LESSON    XV. 
IJerlew  of  the   Principal  Definitions-Contli^ucd. 

An  Ocean  is  a  very  large  body  of 
salt  water, 

A  Sea  is  a  large  body  of  water, 
next  in  size  to  an  Ocean. 

A  Gulf  or  Bay  is  a  body  of  water 
extending  into  the  land. 


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GENERAL  QUESTIONS. 


15 


A  Strait  is  a  narrow  body  of  water. 

A  Channel  is  a  wide  Strait. 

A  Sound  is  a  shallow  Strait  or  Bay. 

A  Lake  is  a  body  of  water  almost 
inclosed  by  land. 

A  River  is  a  stream  of  water  flow- 
ing through  the  land. 

The  Source  of  a  River  is  where 

it  rises. 

The  Mouth  of  a  River 
is  where  it  empties. 


Mention  some  Political  Divisions. 
States,  Cities,  Towns,  etc. 

The  boy  in  the  picture  is  trying  to  find  out  whicli 
way  is  East,  West,  Noetu,  and  South.  His  arms  are 
extended  straight  out  from  his  body ;  his  right  hand 
points  toward  that  part  of  the  heavens  where  the  sun 
i-ises—that  is  East  ;  his  left  hand,  to  that  part  where 
the  sun  sets— that  is  Wkst;  before  him  is  Nokth,  and 
behind  him  is  South.  These  are  called  the  Cardinal 
Points  of  the  Compass. 


LESSON    XVI. 


GENERAL   QUESTIONS, 

Wliat  is  the  name  of  the  planet 
on  which  loe  live  ? 

Wliat  is  the  Earth  like  in  shape  ? 

^VI^atdocs  Geography  teach? 

What  is  the  Earth^s  surface  ? 

The  outside  part. 

Of  what  does  the  surface  of  the  Earth  consist? 

How  much  of  the  Earth's  surface  is  Land? 

About  one-fourth. 

Row  much  of  the  EartNs  surface  is  Water  ? 

About  three-fourths. 

Hoio  much  more  Water  is  there  than  Land  ? 

Wliat  are  the  names  of  the  Natural  Divisions 
of  the  Land  ? 

Why  are  these  Divisions  called  Natural  ? 

Because  th  v :-  have  been  formed  by 
Nature. 

Wliat  are  the  Divisions  called  which  have 
been  formed  by  man  ? 

Political  Divisions. 


How  can  you  tell  the  Points  of  the  Compass  ? 

By  noticing  where  the  Sun  rises 
and  sets. 

Wliere  does  the  Sun  rise  ? 

In  the  East. 

\\7iere  does  it  set  ? 

In  the  West. 

If  you  extend  your  arms,  like  the  boy  in  the 
picture,  so  that  your  right  hand  points  to  the 
East  and  your  left  to  the  West,  where  will  the 
North  be ? —  Wliere  will  the  South  be? 

Wliat  part  of  a  Map  do  we  call  North  ? 

Wliat  part  of  a  Map  do  we  call  South  ? 

What  part  of  a  Map  do  we  call  East  ? 

What  part  of  a  Map  do  tve  call  West  ? 


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MAP  EXERCISES. 


17 


^ 


<*5 


LESSON    XVII. 

/  Spell  the  foll(ywing  words : 

Oreciiland,  greeti'laod.  Society,  «o-il'e-te. 

Baffin,  bsf'tin.  Bandwich,  Band'wich. 

West  Indies,  In'deez.  Now  Zealand,  nu  le'land. 

Newfoundland,  uu'iund-land.    Friendly,  fruud'le. 

/  — 

/  What  Grand  Divisions  are  on  the  Western 
]  Hemisphere  ? 

North  America  and  South  America. 

\Miieh  is  larger^  North  America  or  South 
America  ? 

North  America. 

What  large  Island  lies  north-cast  of  North 
America  ? 
Greenland. 

In  what  part  of  the  Western  Hemisphere  is 
Greenland  ? 

What  Island  lies  cast  of  North  America  ? 
Newfoundland. 

WJiat  group  of  Islands  is  between  North  and 
South  America  ? 

The  West  Indies. 

What  four  groups  of  Islands  are  there  in  the 
Pacific  Ocean  ? 

The  Sandwich,  the  Society,  New 
Zealand,  and  the  Friendly  Island. 

liESSON    XVIII. 

Spell  the  following  words: 

Panama,  pan-a-mah'.  ♦     Hudson,  hud'sun. 

Andes,  an'deex.  Behring,  be'ring. 

Eocky,  rok'e.  Mississippi,  mli-sii-dp'rc' 

*^  Amazon,  am'a-zoc. 


WTiat   Isthmus  connects  North  and  South 
America  f 


The  Isthmus  of  Panama, 
WJiat  Cape  is  south  of  South  America  ? 
Cape  Horn. 

What  Mountains  are  in  South  America  ? 
The  Andes. 

In  what  part  of  South  America  are  they  ? 
In  the  western  part. 
What  Mountains  are  in  North  America  ? 
The  Rocky  Mountains. 
In  what  part  of  North  America  are  they  ? 
In  the  western  part. 
Wliat  Oceans  are  in  the  Western  Hemisphere  if 
The  Arctic,  the  Atlantic,  the  South- 
ern, and  the  Pacific  Ocean.  \\ 
Which  one  is  north  of  North  America  ? 

Which  one    is  east  of  North  and    South 
America  ? 

Which  one  is  south  of  South  America  ? 

Which  one  is  west  of  North    and   South 
America? 

What  Bay  is  west  of  Greenland? 

Baffin  Bay. 

What  Bay  is  in  the  northern  part  of  North 
America  ? 

Hudson  Bay. 

What  Strait  is  between  North  America  and 
Asia  ? 

Behring  Strait. 

Between  what  two  Oceans  is  Behring  Strait  ? 

The  Arctic  and  the  Pacific  Ocean. 

What  River  is  in  North  America  ? 

The  Mississippi  River. 

Wliat  River  is  in  South  America  ? 

The  Amazon  River. 


;^stj2^L55MispBr^^ 


MAP  EXERCISES. 


19 


LESSON    XIX. 

Spell  the  following  words : 
Japan,  ja-pan'.  Yaii  Diemen^s  Land,  van  (la'zD«Dz. 

Philippine,  fil'lp-pln.      Java,  jab'va. 
Celebes,  ««re-l)eze.  Sumatra,  lu-mah'trs. 

Borneo,  bor'ne-o.  Madagascar,  mad-a-gas'kar. 

New  Guinea,  uu  ghin'ue. 

/  ¥— 

What  Grand  Divisiotis  are  on  the  Eastern 
Hemisphere  ? 

Europe,  Asia,  Australia,  and  Africa. 

Which  two  are  furthest  north  ? 

Which  one  is  furthest  south-east  ? 

Australia. 

Which  extends  furthest  west? 

Africa. 

What  two  groups  of  Islands  are  east  of  Asia  ? 

The  Japan  and  Philippine  Islands. 

WJiat  large  Island  is  south-west  of  the  Phil- 
ippitie  Islands  ? 

Borneo.     ^ 

What  Island  is  east  of  Borneo  ? 

What  Island  is  east  of  Celebes  ? 

What  Island  is  south  of  Australia  ? 

What  Island  is  south  of  Borneo  ? 

What  Island  is  nortli-wcsl  of  Java  ? 

Sumatra. 

What  Island  is  east  of  Africa  ? 

Madagascar.  / 

LESSON    XX. 

Spell  the/oUoioing  words : 

jUral,  u'ral.  China,  chl'na. 

I  Altai,  ahl-u.'  Mediterranean,  med-i-ter-ra'ne-an. 

I  Himalaya,  him-a-la'j-o,     Nile,  nile. 
[Kong,  kong.  Niger,  ni'jer. 

♦ 

What  Islo.nds  are  off  the  west  coast  of  Eurove  ? 
The  British  Isles. 


What    Cape    is    in    the  southern   part   of 
Africa  ? 

The  Cape  of  Good  Hope. 

What  Mountains  are  between  Europe  and 
Asia  ? 

The  Ural  Mountains. 

What  Mountains  are  in  the  northern  part  of 
Asia  ? 

The  Altai  Mountains. 

What  Mountains  are  in  the  southern  part  of 
Asia  ? 

The  Himalaya  Mountains. 

What  Mountains  are  in  the  western  part  of 
Africa?  i, 


The  Kong  Mountains. 


\ 


Where  are  the  Ural  Mountains  ? 

Where  are  the  Altai  Mountains  ? 

Where  are  the  Kong  Mountains  ? 

What  Oceans  are  in  ilie  Eastern  Hemi- 
sphere ? 

The  Arctic,  the  Pacific,  the  Indian, 
the  Southern,  and  the  Atlantic  Ocean. 

Wliich  Ocean  is  north  of  Europe  and  Asia  ? 

Which  Ocean  is  east  of  Asia  ?  . 

Which  Ocean  is  south  of  Asia  ? 

Which  is  south  of  the  Indian  Ocean  ? 

Which'  Ocean  is  west  of  Africa  and  Europe? 

What  Sea  is  west  of  the  Philippine  Islands  ? 

The  China  Sea. 

What  Sea  is  between  Africa  and  Asia  ? 

The  Red  Sea. 

What  Sea  is  between  Africa  and  Europe  ? 

The  Mediterranean  Sea. 

iVfinf  linn    Tfit^pv*  nvo  in    A  ■fyi/'n.  f 

..    .!„„ .It „    !,,    „ J. . 

The  Nile  and  the  Niger.    ^ 


NORTH  AMERICA 


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MAP  EXERCISES. 


21 


liESSON    XXI. 

Spell  the  following  words : 

Alaska,  a-las'ka.  Washington,  wMh'ing-tun. 

Ottawa,  o('to-w«.  Mexico,  mex'e-ko. 

A  — ' — 

"  How  is  North  America  bounded? 

North  America  is  bounded  on  the 
north  by  the  Arctic  Ocean,  on  the 
east  by  the  Atlantic,  and  on  the  south 
and  west  by  the  Pacific  Ocean. 

Mention  the  countries  of  North  America. 

Dominion  of  Canada,  United 
States,  Mexico,  and  Central  America. 

In  luhat  part  of  North  America  is  Alaska  ? 

The  north-western  part. 

To  what  country  does  it  belong  f 

To  the  United  States.   . 

In  what  part  is  the  Dominion  of  Canada? 

The  northern  part. 

In  lohat  part  are  the  United  States  ? 

The  central  part. 

In  what  part  are  Mexico  and  Central  Am  r- 
ica  ? 

The  southern  part. 

W7i,at  is  a  City  ? 

A  City  is  a  large  collection  of 
houses  and  inhabitants. 

What  is  the  Capital  of  a  State  or  Country  ? 
The  city  where  its  laws  are  made. 

Remark. — Look  upon  the  map,  and  you  will  see  in 
the  Unitod  States  the  name  Washington  with  this 
mark  ^  near  it.  In  this  manner  the  Capital  Cities 
wilJ  be  marked  on  the  maps. 


Nanie  the  Co.t'^ital  of  tlie  Dom.  of  Canada. 

Ottawa. 


Mention  the  Capital  of  the  United  States. 
Washington. 

W/iat  City  is  the  Capital  of  Mexico  ? 

Mexico. 


LESSON    XXII. 

Spell  the  follotcing  words : 

Cuba,  ku'ba.  California,  kal-e-for'ne-o. 

Ilayti,  ha'tB.  Ilatteras,  hat'tc-ras. 

Jamaica,  ja-ma'ka.  Mendocino,  men-do-ae'no. 

Vancouver,  von-koo'ver.  Alleghany,  al-lo-ga'ne. 
♦ 

What  Island  is  north-east  of  the  Dominion 
of  Canada? 

M7iat  Island  is  east  of  the  Dominion  ? 

What  Islands  are  south-east  of  the  United 
States  ? 

The  West  India  Islands. 

\Miat  Island  is  loest  of  Canada  ? 

Vancouver  Island. 

What  Peninsulas  bclo7ig  to  3Iexico  ? 

California  Peninsula  and  Yucatan. 

What  Isthmus  connects  North  and  South  \ 
America?  i 

What    Cape  is  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  ] 
United  States  ? 

Cape  Ilatteras. 

What  Cape  is  on  the  west  coast  of  the  United 
States  ? 

Cape  Mendocino. 

Mliat  Cape  is  so^cth  of  Greenland? 

Cape  Farewell. 

WJiat  Mountains  are  in  the  eastern  part  of  \ 
the  United  States  ?  i 

Wliat  Muwtiiains  arc  lu  tiic  western  part  oj 
the  United  States  ? 


22 


CORNELL'S  FIRST  STEPS  IN  GEOGRAPHY. 


Capitol  at  Washington. 


liESSON    XXIII. 

Spell  the  following  words: 

Caribbean,  kar-rib-be'an.         Superior,  lu-pe're-or. 
Saint  Liiwrence,  law'rence.    Huron,  hu'ron. 
Winnipeg,  win'ne-peg.  Ontario,  on-ta're-o. 


What  Oceans  nearly  surround  North  Amer- 
ica ? 

The  Arctic,  tlie  Atlantic,  and  the 
Pacific  Ocean  ? 

Which  Ocean  is  north  of  North  America  ? 

Which  Ocean  is  east  of  North  America? 

Which  Ocean  is  ivest  of  North  America? 

W/iat  Sea  is  east  of  Central  America  ? 

The  Caribben  ii  Sea. 

W7iat  Bay  is  weH  q''  'rrccnland? 

Baffin  Bay. 

Hudson  Bay. 


What  Gulf  is  east  of  the  Dominion  ? 
The  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence. 
What  Gulf  is  south  of  the  United  States? 
The  Gulf  of  Mexico. 

What  Gulf  cast  of  California  Peninsula? 

The  Gulf  of  California. 

Wliat  Strait  is  ivest  of  Greenland? 
Davis  Strait. 

What  Strait  m  the  cast  of  the  Dominion  of 
Canada ? 
Hudson  Strait. 

What  two  Lakes  arc  in  the  northern  part  ? 
Great  Slave  and  Great  Bear  Lake. 

What  Lake  in  the  Dominion  of   Canada, 
south-west  of  Hudson  Bay  ? 

Lake  Winnipeg. 


MAP  EXERCISES. 


23 


What  Lakes  are  hdxoeen  the  Dominion  of 
Canada  and  the  United  States  ? 
S»perior,  Huron,  Erie,  anfl  Ontario. 


LESSON    XXIV. 

Spell  the  following  words 


Mackenzie's,  mak-ken'mz. 
Klo  Grande,  re'o  grahn'Ja. 


MIssomM,  mi«-too'ro. 

Arkansas,  ar'ksa-saw. 


Wliat  River  is  in  the  northern  part  of  the 
Dominion  of  Canada  ? 
Tlie  Mackenzie's  River. 
In  what  Lake  does  it  rise  ? 
Great  Slave  Lake. 
Into  what  Ocean  docs  it  empty  ? 
The  Arctic  Ocean. 

What  River  rises  in  Lake  Winnipeg  ? 
Where  does  the  Nelson  River  empty-? 
Into  Hudson  Bay. 
In  what  Lake  does  the  St.  Lawrence  River 
rise  ? 

In  Lake  Ontario. 

Into  what  Gulf  docs  it>cmpty? 

What  two  large  Rivers  empty  into  tlie  Gulf 
of  Mexico  ? 

The  Mississippi  and  the  Rio  Grande. 

What  River  empties  into  the  east  side  of  the 
Mississippi  River  ? 
The  Ohio  River. 

What  is  a  River  called  which  empties  into 
another  River  ? 
A  Branch. 

What  three  Rivers  empty  into  the  west  side  of 
the  Mississippi  River  ? 

The  Missouri,  the  Arkansas,  and 
the  Red  River.  V 


LESSON    XXY. 

Spell  the  following  worJs : 
Colorado,  kol-o-nOi'do.  Esquimaux,  et'k«-ino. 

Columbia,  ko-lum'be-a.         Indians,  in'de-uu. 
» 

W'hat  River  is  between  the  United  States  and 
Mexico? 

The  Rio  Grande. 

What  River  empties  into  the  Gulf  of  Cali- 
fornia ? 

The  Colorado  River. 

What  River  in  the  United  States  empties  into 
the  Pacific  Ocean  ? 

The  Columbia  River. 


What  is  North 
America  ? 

North  America 

is     one     of     the 

Grand     Divisions 

of    the    Western 

Continent. 

By  nuhom  is  the 
northern  part  of  North 
America  inhabited  ? 

It  is  inhabited 
chiefly  by  Indians 
and  Esquimaux. 

How  do  thhe  people 
live  ? 

They  live  by  hunting  and  fishing. 

Describe  the  Climate.,  or  weather,  in  the  north- 
ern part  of  North  America. 

It  is  very  cold. 

In  what  part  of  North  America  is  the  Cli- 
mate very  warm  throughout  the  year  ? 

In  Mexico  and  Central  America. 


An  American  Indian. 


«S0W 


MAP  EXERCISES. 


25 


LESSON    XXVI. 

Spell  the  following  words : 
Magellan,  mah-jel'lou.        Patagonia,  pat-a-go'ne-a. 


Colombia,  ko-lom'be-a. 
Venezuela,  ven-ez-wo'la. 
Guiana,  ghe-ah'na. 
Brazil,  bra-zil'. 
Uruguay,  oo-roo-gwi'. 
4rgentine,  ar'jen-teen. 


Chili,  chil'le. 
Bolivia,  bo-liv'e-a. 
Peru,  pe-roo'. 
Ecuador,  ek-wa-dor'. 
Paraguay,  pah-rnh-gwi'. 
Bogota,  bo-go-tah'. 


Hoio  is  South  America  bounded  ? 

South  America  is  bounded  on  the 
north  by  the  Caribbean  Sea,  on  the 
east,  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  on  the 
south  by  the  Strait  of  Magellan,  and 
on  the  west  by  the  Pacific  Ocean. 

Mention  the  Cotmtrics  of  South  America. 

United  States  of  Colombia,  Vene- 
zuela, Guiana,  Brazil,  Uruguay,  Ar- 
gentine Republic,  Chili,  Bolivia, 
Peru,  Ecuador,  and  Paraguay.  Pat- 
agonia, the  southern  extremity  of 
South  America,  belongs  partly  to 
Chili,  partly  to  the  Argentine  Re- 
public. \ 

Of  these  Countries,  which  is  the  largest  ? 

Which  is  the  smallest^     Uruguay. 

Which  four  border  on  the.  Pacific  Ocean  ? 

United  States  of  Colombia,  Ecua- 
dor, Peru,  and  Chili. 

Mliich  four  border  on  the  Atlantic  Ocean? 

Guiana,  Brazil,  Uruguay,  and  the 
Argentine  Republic. 

Which  two  are  in  the  interior  ? 
Paraguay  and  Bolivia. 

What  City  is  the  capital  of  the  United  States 
of  Colombia?     Bogota.-      t" 


LESSON    XXVII. 

Spell  the  follovying  woi'ds : 

Caracas,  kah-rah'kai.  Santiago,  sahn-te-ah'go. 

Bio  Janeiro,  rl'o  ja-ne'ro.  Sucre,  soo'kra. 

Monte  Video,  mon'te  vid'o-o.      Lima,  le'mah. 
Buenos  Ayres,  bo'nos  a'ri-.        Quito,  ke'to. 
Asuncion,  ah  soon-se-own'. 


What  Country  is  cast  of  U.  S.  of  Colombia  ? 
What  city  is  *he  capital  of  Venezuela  ? 

Caracas. 

What   Country  is  south  of  Venezuela  and 
Guiana?     What  City  is  the  capital  of  Brazil? 

Rio  Janeiro. 

WJiat  Ocean  bounds  Brazil  on  the  east  ? 
What  two  Countries  lie  betioeen  Brazil  and 
1  the  Argentine  Repuhlic  ? 

Paraguay  and  Uruguay. 
miat  City  is  the  capital  of  Paraguay  ? 
Asuncion. 

What  City  is  the  capital  of  Ui'uguay  ? 
What  Country  is  east  of  Chili  ? 
What  City  is  the  capital  of  the  Argentine 
Republic  ? 

Buenos  Ayres. 

Wliat  Ocean  bounds  Chili  on  the  west  ? 
What  City  is  the  capital  of  Chili  ? 
What  Country  bounds  the  Argentine  Repub- 
lic on  the  north  ? 

What  City  is  the  capital  of  Bolivia  ? 

Sucre. 

What  Countries  arc  iccst  of  Bolivia  ? 
What  City  is  the  capital  of  Peru  ? 
\Miat  tioo  Countries  are  east  of  Pci-u  ? 
Wliai  Country  is  north  of  Peru  ? 
Wliat  City  is  the  capital  of  Ecuador  ?     Q. 
\]7iat  Country  is  north  of  Ecuador  ? 


CORNELL'S  FIRST  STEPS  IN  GEOGRAPHY. 


Catching  wild  Csittle  In  South  America. 


LESSON    XXVIIl. 

Spell  thefollotcing  words : 

Terra  del  Fueg'O,  ter'rab  del  fwa'go.  To(*rfntins,  to-ltan-tecns', 
Brazilian,  brs-zll'e-an.  Madeira,  nmh-d»'ra. 

""'ode  la  Plata,  re'o  da  lah  rla^'tali'  Parana,  pah-rah-nah'. 


What  Island  is  soutli  of  Patagonia  ? 
Terra  del  Fuego. 

By  what  Isthmus  are  North  and  South  Amer- 
ica connected  ? 

Wliat  Cape  is  at  the  south  of  South  America  ? 

Cape  Horn. 

What  ^fountains  are  in  the  eastern  part  of 
Brazil  ? 

The  Brazilian  Coast  Range. 

What  Mountains  are  in  the  western  part  of 
South  America  ? 


The  Andes  Mountains. J^ 
Wliat  Ocean  is  cast  of  South  America  ? 
Wliat  Ocean  is  west  of  South  America  ? 
What  Sea  is  north  of  South  America? 
The  Caribbean  Sea. 
What  Strait  is  between  Fatagoida  and  Terra 
del  Fuego  ? 

The  Strait  of  Magellan. 

What  large  River  rises  in  Peru  ? 

The  Amazon  River. 

What  course  does  the  Amazon  River  flow? 

It  flows  an  easterly  course. 

Tnto  what  Ocean  docs  it  emptu  ? 

Into  the  Atlantic  Ocean. 
What  large  River  rises  in  Bolivia  ? 


J 


^mtmm»i'''i^><^- 


ia  and  Terra 


Into  what  River  does  it  empty  ? 
The  Amazon  River. 

What  River  in  Brazil  is  east  of 
Ihe  Madeira  River  ? 
The  Tocantins  River. 

Wliat  course  docs  it  Jlow  ? 

What  River  rises  in  ihe  Bra- 
zilian Coast  Range? 

The  Parana  River. 

What  is  its  lower  part  called? 

The  Rio  de  la  Plata. 

Between  what  two  countries  docs 
(he  Parana  River  fow? 

Between  Paraguay  and  the  Argen- 
tine Republic. 


■LESSON   XXIX. 


Of  the  Rivers  in  South  America,  which  is 
the  longest  ? 

The  Amazon  River. 

Wiai^'City  in  South  America  is  the  most 
populous  ? 

Rio  Janeiro. 

Of  what  Country  is  Rio  Janeiro  ihe  capital  ? 

What  City  ranks  next  to  Rio  Janeiro  ? 

Buenos  Ayres. 

Of  what  is  Buenos  Ayres  the  capital  ? 

Of  the  Argentine  Republic. 

On  what  River  is  Buenos  Ayres  ? 

On  the  Rio  de  la  Plata. 

In  what  Countries  of  South  America  are  the 
Andes  Mountains  ? 

In  Venezuela,  U.  S.  of  Colombia, 


Animals  of  North  and  South  America. 

Ecuador,    Peru,    Bolivia,   Argentine 
Republic,  and  Chili. 

W7iat  is  South  America  ? 

South  America  is  one  of  the  Grand 
Divisions  of  the  Western  Continent. 

What  are  the  most  ip^mrtant  productions  of 
South  America  ?  ■ 

Sugar-car^,  coffee,  cocoa,  oranges, 
pine-apples,  indigo,  rose-wood.  India- 
rubber,  drugs,  wheat,  and  corn. 

Describe  the  Climate  of  the  central  and  the 
northern  part  of  South  America. 

It  is  very  warm. 

Describe  the  Climate  of  ratagonia. 

It  is  very  cold. 

What  Country  in  South  America  is  noted  for 
its  rich  mines  of  gold  and  diamonds  ? 

Brazil. 

What  Country  is  noted  for  its  mines  of  silver 
and  gold  ? 

Peru. 


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30 


CORNELL'S  FIRST   STEPS  IN   GEOGRAPHY 


Trafalgar  Square,  Louiion. 


LESSON    XXXII. 

Spell  the  following  words  : 

Vienna,  ve-en'na.  Madrid,  mad-rid'. 

Danube,  don'ube.  Seine,  sane. 

Taris,  pw'ris.  Tagus,  ta'gu». 

Constantinople,  kon-stan-te-no'pl.  Lisbon,  Uz'bun. 


Wiat  City  is  the  capital  of  Turkey  ? 
Constantinople. 

Where  is  Constantinople  ? 

In  what  direction  from  Turkey  is  Amtria  ? 

Vr  fllil   K/UU  W  t/ic  viipUM  OJ  ui-Uoti  Ul  i 

Vienna. 

On  what  River  is  Vienna  ? 


miat  Country  is  south  of  Switzerland  ? 

Italy. 

What  City  is  the  capital  of  Italy  ? 

Rome,    in    the    western    part    of 

Italy. 

What  City  was  formerly  the  capital? 
Florence,  on  the  River  Arno. 

What  Sea  is  south  of  France  ? 
Wliat  City  is  the  capital  of  France? 

Paris. 

On  v;hat  PAver  w  Paris  ? 

What  City  is  the  capital  Oj  Spain  ? 

Madrid. 


'serland  ? 


u.    part    of 


i^iital  ? 
Aj-no. 

ance  ? 


mn  ? 


MAP  EXERCISES. 


31 


Hoio  is  Madrid  situated  ? 

What  City  is  the  capital  of  Portugal  i 

Lisbon. 

On  what  River  is  Lisbon  ? 

Of  what  Country  is  Lisbon  Vie  capital  ? 

Of  what  Couniry  is  Paris  the  capital  ? 


LESSON    XXXIII. 

Spell  the/ollowing  words: 

Frankfort,  frank'fort. 
Copenhagen,  ko-pen-ha'gen 
Berlin,  b«r'lm. 
Edinburgh,  ed'in-bur-ruh. 
London,  lun'd'a- 


Sicily,  Corsica,  and  Sardini^^/ 
Which  two  of  these  are  west  of  Italy  i 
What  Island  is  west  of  Korway  ? 
Iceland. 

In  what  Ocean  is  Iceland? 
Wliat  Peninsulas  are  in  Europe  ? 
Norway  and  Sweden,  Greece,  Italy, 
Spain  and  Portugal,  and  Denmark. 


Dublin,  dub'lin. 
Sicily,  ds'e-le. 
Corsica,  kor'se-ka. 
Sardinia,  gar-diu'e-a. 
Iceland,  ice'loud. 


♦     — 


On  what.l^ea  does  Denmark  border  ? 
What  ^ty  is  the  capital  of  Denmark? 
Copenhagen. 

How  is  it  situated  ? 

On  an  island  of  Denmark. 

What  Country  is  south  of  Dcnmctrl-  ? 

What  are  included  in  the  German  Empire  ? 

Prussia  and  other  States. 

What  City  is  the  captal  of  Prussia  and  the 
German  Empire  ?     Berlin. 

How  is  Frankfort  situated  ? 

In  the  west  of  the  German  Empire. 

Mention  the  Countries  of  the  British  Isles.  ^ 

Wiat  City  is  the  capital  of  Scotland?  ^ 

Edinburgh. 

What  City  is  the  capital  of  England? 

London. 

Wiai  City  is  the  capital  of  Ireland? 

Dublin. 

W7iat  three  large  Islands  are  there 
Mediterranean  Sea  ?       ' 


LESSON    XXXIV. 

Spell  the  following  words : 


Mai  ajvin,  mat-a-pan'. 
Caucasus,  kaw'kn-sus. 


PyreneeSj  pir'cn-ee». 
Carpathian,  kar-pa'the-an. 


the 


tliat  Cape  is  in  the  southern  part  of 
Greece  ? 

Cape  Matapan. 

What  Mountains  are  between  Europe  and 
Asia  ? 

The  Ural  and  the  Caucasus  Moun- 
tains. 

Where  are  the  Pyrenees  Mountains  ? 

The  Pyrenees  Mountains  are  be- 
tween France  and  Spain. 

W^iat  Mountains  arc  in  Central  Europe? 

The  Carpathian  Mountains  and  the 

Alps. 

In  what  Country  of  Europe  are  the  Carpa- 
thian Motmtains  ? 

In  what  Countries  of  Europe  are  the  Alps  ? 

The  Alps  are  chiefly  in  Switzerland 
and  Northern  Italy, 

What  Ocean  is  north  of  Europe  ? 


a2 


CORNELL'S  FIllST   STEl'S   IN   GEOGRAPHY. 


What  Ocean  is  west  of  Evropti? 
Wliat  J^ca  is  north  of  liussiu^ 
The  White  Sen. 
What  Sia  is  south-(asl  of  liussia  ? 
Tlie  Caspian  Soa. 
What  iSca  is  south  of  Russia? 
Thii  Black  Sea. 
Where  is  the  Mediterranean  Sea  ? 
The  Mediterranean  Sea  is  south  of 
Europe. 

Wluit  Sea  is  between  Italy  and  Austria? 
1'he  Adriatic  Sea. 

Where  is  the  North  Sea  ? 
The  North  Sea  is  cast  of  Scotland 
and  England. 

]]licre  is  the  Baltic  Sea  ? 
The  Baltic   Sea   is   north  of   the 
German  Empire,  and  west  of  Russia. 
/«  what  direction  is  it  from  Ricssia? 


LESSON    XXXV. 

Spell  the  folloicin  g  words : 


Biscay,  bts'lta. 
Finland,  fin'lanJ, 
Bothnia,  both'ne-a. 
Mcssinn,  nit'F-se'iia. 
Gibraitor,  je-brawl'ter. 


Ilovor,  do'ver. 
Ladoga,  loli'do-ga. 
I)^vina,  dwi'na. 
Volcra,  vol'^tt. 
RUiue,  rinc. 


Where  is  the  Bay  of  Biscay  ? 
The    Bay   of    Biscay   is   west    of 
France. 

What  two  Grdfs  are  west  of  Jinssia  ? 

The  Gulf  of  Bothnia  and  the  Gulf 


of 


T7»  •       1 J 

r  luianu. 


Which  one  isfurilur  north? 


Where  is  the  Strait  of  Messina  ? 
The  Strait  of  Messina  is  between 
Italy  and  Sicily. 

What  Strait  is  between  Spain  and  Africa? 
The  Strait  of  Gibraltar. 

Where  is  the  Strait  of  Dover  ? 
The   Strait   of   Dover   is   between 
England  and  France. 

What    Channel    is    between    England    and 
France  ? 

Where  is  Lake  Ladoga  ? 
Lake  Ladoga  is  in  the  western  part 
of  Russia. 

What  River  in  Russia  empties  into  the  ]V7dtc 
Sea? 

The  Dwina  River. 
]\7iat  Rivers  empty  into  the  Caspian  Sea  ? 
The  Ural  and  the  Volga  River. 
Through  what  three  Countries  does  the  Dan- 
ube River  flow  ? 

The  Danube  Hows  through  the  Ger- 
man Empire,  Austria,  and  Rouraaixia. 
Into  what  Sea  does  it  empty? 
Throttgh  what  two  Countries  does  thi  .  ■ 
River  flow  ? 

The   Tagus    River    flows   through 
Spain  and  Portugal. 

Itiio  what  Ocean  docs  the  Tagus  empty? 
Through  what  Country  does  the  Seine  flow  ^ 
The  Seine  flows  through  France. 
Into  what  Channel  does  it  empty  ? 
Through  what  Countries  does  the  Rhine  flow  ? 
The  Rhine  flows  through  the  Ger- 
man Empire  and  Holland. 


is  between 
ind  Africa  ? 

is   between 

England    and 

/^estern  part 
into  the  WJdte 


aspian  Sea? 
a  River.         i 
}  docs  the  Dan- 

! 

igli  the  Ger-  j 

.  Rouraa.aa.  | 

!■ 

docs  ihi  . 
ws   through 

■JUS  empty  ? 
the  Seine /ow  ? 
fh  France. 

the  Ehine  few  ? 
la-Vi  the  Ger-  i 


MAP  EXERCISES. 


Between  what  two  Countries 
does  it  flow  ? 

Between  Switzerland 
and  the  German  Empire. 

Into  what  Sea  does  it  tmjdy  ? 

LESSON    XXXVI. 


What  is  Europe  ? 

Europe  is  one  of  the 
Grand  Divisions  of  the 
Eastern  Continent. 

What  City  in  Europe  is  the 
largest  ? 

London. 

Remark. — London  is  the  largest  and  richest 
city  in  the  world. 

WJiat  City  ranks  next  to  London  ? 

Paris. 

What  is  the  Climate  of  tlie  northern  part  of 
Europe  ? 

It  is,  for  the  most  part,  cold. 

What  is  the  Climate  of  the  southern  pari  of 
Europe  ? 

It  is  warm. 

*  What  are  some  of  the  most  important  mineral 
productions  of  Europe  ? 

Iron,  lead,  tin,  copper,  quicksilver, 

and  coal. 

Wliat  are  some  of  the  most  important  vegeta- 
ble productions  of  Europe? 

Wheat   and  other  grains  ;   also  a 
great  variety  of  delicious  fruits. 


Animals  of  Europe. 

What  Country  in  Europe  is  noted  for  its  de- 
lightful climate  and  beautiful  scenery  ? 
Italy.  , 

For  uhnt  is  Turkey  noted? 
For  the  manufacture  of  carpets  and 
silk  goods. 

What  Country  in  Europe  is  noted  for  its 
lofty  mountains  and  beautiful  lakes  ? 
Switzerland. 

For  lohat  productions  is  France  noted? 
For  wines,  brandy,  and  silk. 

For  what  is  England  noted? 

For  the  manufacture  of  cotton  and 
woolen  goods,  and  hardware. 

What  is  the  Island  on  uhich  Scotland  and 
England  are  situated,  called  ? 

It  is  called  Great  Britain. 

Of  what  does  it  form  a  part  ? 

It  forms  a  part  of  the  British  Isles. 


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CORNELL'S  FIRST  STEPS  IN  GEOGRAPHY. 


and    Ara- 


AnimaU  of  Asia. 

LESSON    XXXIX. 

Spell  the  following  words : 
Chinese,  chl-neze'.  Suez,  soo'ez. 


Ceylon,  «e'lon. 


Comorln,  kom'o-rin. 


Wfiere  are  the  Japan  Islands  ? 

The  Japan  Islands  are  east  of  the 
Chinese  Empire. 

Where  are  the  Philippine  Islands  ? 

The  Philippine  Islands  are  south- 
east of  China. 

What  Islands  are  south  of  the  Philippine 
Islands  ? 

What  Island  is  west  of  Borneo  ? 
What  Island  is  south  of  Hirtdostnn  ? 
Ceylon. 


What   Peninsulas 
in  Asia  ? 
Hindostan 

bia. 

What  Isthmus  connects  Af- 
rica and  Asia  ? 

The  Isthmus  of  Suez. 

What  Cape  is  in  the  sout/ieru 
part  of  Hindostan  ? 

Cape  Comorin. 

Who'c  arc  the  Ural  Moun- 
tains ? 

The    Ural    Mountains 

are  between  Europe  and 
Asia. 

Where  are  the  Altai  Moun- 
tains ? 

They  are  between  Si- 
beria   and    the    Chinese 
Empire. 
Where  are  the  Ilimalarja  Mountains  ? 
They  are  between  Hindostan  and 
the  Chinese  Empire. 

What  Ocean  is  north  of  Asia  ? 
What  Ocean  is  east  of  Asia  ? 
What  Ocean  is  south  of  Asia  ? 

LESSON   Xli. 

Spdl  the  following  words : 

Arabian,  a-m'be-an.  Aral,  ar'al. 


Eengal,  l)«n-gawl'. 
Obe,  o'be. 


Persian,  per'shan. 
Lena,  le'na. 


What  Sea  is  west  of  the  Japan  Islands? 
The  Sea  of  Japan. 


gi%'. 


MAP  EXERCISES. 


37 


iltai  Moun- 


What  Sea  is  west  of  the  Fhilipji^nne  Islands  f 

The  China  Sea. 

What  Sea  is  between  Ilindostan  and  Apabia  ? 

The  Arabian  Sea. 

Wliere  is  the  lied  Sea  ? 

Between  Asia  and  Africa.  . 

What  Sea  is  west  of  Turkey  f 

The  Mediterranean  Sea, 

]]Tiat  Sea  n  north  of  Turkey  ? 

The  Black  Sea. 

What  Sea  is  north  of  Persia  ? 
The  Caspian  Sea, 

In  tohat  direction  from  Turkestan  is  the  Cas- 
piar  Sea  ? 

What  Sea  is  north  of  Turkestan  ? 

The  Aral  Sea. 

Wlint  Bay  is  east  of  Ilindostan  ? 

The  Bay  of  Bengal. 

WJiat  Gnlf  is  south  of  Persia  ? 
The  Persian  Gulf. 

What  two  Eivers  are  in  Siberia  ? 
The  Obe  and  the  Lena,  i^  ' 

LESSON   XLI. 

Spell  thefoUoiHng  words : 

Amoor,  »h-moor'.  Hoang  Ho,  ho-«ng-ho'. 

Cambodia,  kam-bo'de-a.     Ganpes,  gan'jeez. 
Indus,  in'dus.  Turquolses,  tur-kee/'ez. 

Yang-tse-kiang,  yahng-Ue-ke-ahng'. 


What  two  Hivei's  are  in  China  ? 

The  Hoang  Ho  and  Yang-tse-kiang. 

What  River  flows  between  Anarn  and  Siam  ? 

The  Cambodia  River. 

Wliat  two  liivei's  are  in  Ilindostan  ? 


The  Ganges  and  the  Indus. 
What  is  Asia  ? 

Asia  is  one  of  the  Grand  Divisions 
of  the  Eastern  Continent. 

W^at  is  the  Cli- 
mate of  Asia  ? 

In  the  north- 
ern part  it  is 
cold,  but  in  the 
southern  part  it 
is  warm.  '* 

For  what  is  Sibe- 
ria noted? 

Siberia  is  not- 
ed for  its  metals 
and  its  fur-bear- 
ing animals*! 

What  are  the  chief 
productions  of  Chi- 
na? 

Rice  and  tea. 
What  are  the  chief  produciions  of  Ilindo- 
stan ? 

Precious  stones,  spices,  drugs,  and 

valuable  woods., , 

For  what  production  is  Arabia  noted? 

Coffee. 
For  what  productions  is  Turkey  noted? 

Olives  and  figs. 

For  what  is  Persia  noted  ? 

For  the  manufacture  of  beautiful 
shawls  and  carpets. 

What  precioiu  stones  do  we  get  from  Persia  ? 

Pearls  and  turquoises. 


An  Arab. 


1 


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MAP  EXERCISES. 


39 


LESSON    XLII. 

Spell  the  following  words : 
Morocco,  mo-rrik'ko.        Zanguebnr,  iang-gh»-b(ir'. 
Algeria,  al-je're-n.  Mozambique,  mo-zam-beek'. 

Tunis,  tu'nU.  Calfraria,  kaf-fra're-a. 

Tripoli,  trip'o-le.  Hottentots,  hot'ten-toU. 

Kfe'ypt,  e'jiiit.  (Jimbebas,  sim-ba'bw. 

Nubia,  nu'be-o.  Guinea,  ghin'c. 

Abyssinia,  ab-h-sln'o-o.  Liberia,  ll-be'ru-a. 

Boinaull,  so-maw'lo.  Sericganibia,  etn-e-gam'be-a. 

Sahara,  aah-haU'ra.  Soudan,  soo-dahn'. 


What  Country  is  south  of  Tripoli  ? 
Fezzan. 
Where  is  Soudan  ? 

Soudan  is  in  the  central  part  of 
Africa. 

What  lies  north  of  Soudan  ? 
Sahara,  or  the  Great  Desert. 


How  is  Africa  hounded? 

Africa  is  bounded  on  the  north  by 

the  Mediterranean  Sea,  on  the   east 

by  the  Red  Sea  and  the  Indian  Ocean, 

i  and  on  the   south  and  west  by  the 

I  Atlantic  Ocean. 

!      Mention  the  Countries  of  Africa  bordering 
I  071  the  Mediterranean  Sea. 
I      Morocco,    Algeria,   Tunis,  Tripoli, 
I  Barca,  and  Egypt. 

What  Country  borders  on  the  Red  Sea? 

Egypt. 

WJmt  Countries  in  Africa  border  07i  the 
Indian  Ocean  and  the  Mozambique  Channel? 

Soinauli  Territory,  Zangucbar,  Mo- 
zambique, Zoolu,  and  Caffraria. 

Mention  the  most  southerly  Country  of 
Africa. 

Cape  Colony. "  • 

WJiat  Countries  in  Africa  border  on  the  At- 
lantic Ocean? 

Morocco,  Sahara,  Sencgambia,  Li- 
beria, Upper  Guinea,  Lower  Guinea, 
Cimbebas,  the  Country  of  the  Hot- 
tentots, and  Cape  Colony. 


LESSON    XLIII. 

Spdl  Vie  folloioing  words  : 

Cairo,  Vi'ro.  Monrovia,  mon-ro've-a. 

Khartooni,  kar-toom'.         Madeira,  ma-da'ra. 
Ciondar,  gon'Uar.  Canary,  ka-na're. 

Bab-el-Mandcb. 


Wh<tf,  City  is  the  capital  of  Jforocco? 

Morocco, 

What  City  is  the  capital  of  Algeria? 

Algiers. 

What  City  is  the  capital  of  Tunis? 

Tunis. 

What  City  is  the  capital  of  Egypt  ? 

Cairo. 

On  what  River  is  Cairo  ? 

]\7iat  City  is  the  capital  of  Nubia  ? 

Khartoom. 

On  tchat  River  is  Khartoom  ? 

Wliat  City  is  the  ca/ntal  of  Abyssirna  ? 

Gondar. 

Wliat  City  is  the  capital  of  Cape  Colony  ? 

Cape  Town. 

In  what  part  of  Cape  Colony  is  Cape  Toivn  ) 

}\liat  CVy  is  the  capital  of  Liberia  ? 

Monrovia.    -- 


m 


40 


CORNELL'S  FIRST  STEPS  IN  GEOGRAPHY. 


Animals  of  Africa. 

]]7iai  Island  is  east  of  Mozambique  ? 
\l7iat  Islands  arc  west  of  Morocco  ? 

The  Madeira  and  the  Canary  Isl- 
ands. 

What  Cape  k  in  the  southern  part  of  Cape 
Colony  /. 

The  Cape  of  Good  Hope. 
Where  are  the  Atlas  Mountains  ? 
Tlie   Atlas   Mountains  are  in  the 
northern  part  of  Africa  ? 

What  Mountains  are  in  the  southern  part  of 
Africa  ? 

The  Snow  Mountains.    ' 

What  Mountains  are  in  the  western  part  of 
Africa  ?  Kong.  What  Mountains  in  the  east- 
ern part  of  Africa  ?    Mountains  of  the  Moon. 

LESSON    XLIV. 


Wliat  Sea  is  between  Africa 
and  Europe  1 

What  Sea  is  between  Africa 
aiul  Asia  ? 

What  Gulf  is  west  of  Africa  ? 

The  Gulf  of  Guinea. 

Wiat  Strait  connects  the  Medi- 
w,'i^  tcrrancan  Sea  with  the  Atlantic 
Ocean  ? 
The  Strait  of  Gibraltar. 

What  Strait  connects  the  Red 
Sea  with  the  Indian  Ocean  ? 

The  Strait  of  Bab-el- 
Mandeb. 

What  Channel  is  between  Mada- 
gascar Island  and  Africa  ? 

llirough  lohat  ijountry  docs  the  Kilcjlow? 
Into  what  Sea  does  the  Nile  empty  ? 
What  Iiive^\fl<~<ii:f>  through  Inywer  Guinea? 
The  Coni^o  River. 

o 
Wliat  River  in  Africa  rmpiies  into  the  Gulf 

of  Guinea  ?  ,     . 

The  Niger  River, 


What  Ocean  is  east  of  Africa  ? 
What  Ocean  is  west  of  Africa  ? 


What  is  Africa  ? 

Africa  is  one  of  the  Grand  Divisions 
of  the  Eastern  Continent. 
What  is  the  Climate  of  Africa  ^ 
It  is  hot. 

For  what  is  Africa  noted? 
For  its  great  sandy  deserts. 

Wliat  arc  some  of  the  important  jjroductions 
of  Africa  ? 

Ivory.  dateSj  gold-dust,  and  pahii-oil. 

For  what  is  Egypt  noted? 

¥oT  its  pyramids  and  temples. 


THE  SOUTH-EASTERN  BRITISH  PROVINCES 


LESSON    XLV. 

Spell  the  following  words : 


Toronto,  to-ron'to. 
Kingston,  klngz'tun. 
Quebec,  kw»-bek'. 
Halifax,  hRl'e-fax. 


Fredericbton,  fred'er-U-tun. 

Nova  Scotia,  no'va  «ko'she-a. 

New  Brunswick,  nu  broni'wik. 
Capo  Breton,  kape  brlt'un. 


Montreal,  mon-ue-awr.   Princo  Edward,  priuco  ed'ward. 

■  ]Vhere  are  the  British  Provinces  ? 
In  the   southern   part   of    British 

America. 

What  Provinces,  belonging  to  the  Dominion 
of  Canada,  arc  ahowv  on  the  Map  ? 

The  Provin(  s  of  Ontario,  Que- 
bec, New  Brunswick,  Nova  Scotia, 
and  Prince  Edward  Island. 


What  three  Cities  are  in    hitario  ? 
What  two  Cities  are  i.i  Quebec  ? 
How  is  Montreal  situated  ? 
On  an  Island  in  the  St.  Lawrence. 
What  City  is  the  capital  of  New  Brunswick  i 
What  City  is  the  capital  of  Nova  Scotia  ? 
What  City  is  the  capital  of  Neufoundlandf 
What  Ocean  is  east  of  Newfoundland  ? 
Where  is  Cape  Breton  Island? 
North-east  of  Nova  Scotia. 
Where  is  Prince  Edicard  Island  ? 
What  River  is  in  New  Brunswick  f 
]]7iere  is  the  Ottawa  River  ? 
What  City  is  the  capital  of  all  British  Amer- 
ica f     Ottawa. 


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MAP  EXERCISES. 


45 


liESSON   XLVIII. 

'How  is  Vermont  hounded  on  the  north  and 
east? 

Vermont  is  bounded  on  the  north 
by  the  Province  of  Quebec,  and  on 
the  east  by  the  Connecticut  River. 

How  is  Vermont  bounded  on  the  south  and 
■  west  ? 

Vermont  is  bounded  on  the  south 
by  Massachusetts,  and  on  the  west 
by  New  York  and  Lake  Champlain. 

In  what  direction   from   Vermont  is  New 
Hampshire  ? 
How  is  New  Hampshire  bounded  on  the  north 
\  and  east  ? 

I      New  Hampshire  is  bounded  on  the 
i  north  by  the   Province   of   Quebec, 
and  on  the  east  by  Maine  and  the 
Atlantic  Ocean. 

How  is  New  Hampshire  bounded  on  tlie  south 
and  west  ? 

New  Hampshire  is  bounded  on  the 
south  by  Massachusetts,  and  on  the 
west  by  the  Connecticut  River. 

What  bound  Maine  on  the  north  ? 

The  Provinces  of  Quebec  and  New 
Brunjwick.| 

Wltat  bound  Maine  on  the  east  ? 
i  New  Brunswick  and  the  Atlantic. 

What  bounds  Maine  on  the  south  ? 

The  Atlantic  Ocean. 

New  Hampshire  and  the  Province 
of  Quebec. 


How  is  Massachusetts  bounded  on  the  north 
and  east  ? 

Massachusetts  is  bounded  on  the 
north  by  Vermont  and  New  Hamp- 
shire, and  on  the  east  by  the  Atlantic 
Ocean. 

How  is  it  bounded  on  the  south  and  west  ? 

Massachusetts  is  bounded  on  the 
south  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  Rhode 
Island,  and  Connecticut,  and  on  the 
west  by  New  York. 


LESSON    XLIX. 

Spell  the  following  tcords: 

Montpelier,  mont-pteryer.       Burlington,  bur'ling-tun. 


Onion,  un'ynn* 


Champlain,  sliain-plane'. 


In  what  direction  is  Massachusetts  from  Ver- 
mont and  New  Hampshire  ? 

Wfiat  bounds  Rhode  Island  on  the  north  and 
cast  ? 

Rhode  Island  is  bounded  on  the 

north  and  east  by  Massachusetts. 

Wliat  bounds  it  on  the  south  ? 
The  Atlantic  Ocean. 

What  bounds  it  on  ine  west  ? 
Connecticut. 

How  is  Connecticut  bounded  on  the  north  and 
east? 

Connecticut  is    bounded    on    the 

north  by  Massachusetts,  and  on  the 

east  by  Rhode  Island. 

How  is  't  bounded  on  the  south  and  west  ? 
Connecticut    is    bounded    on    the; 


46 


CORNELL'S  FIRST  STEPS  IN  GEOGRAPHY. 


View  of  Boston. 


south  by  Long  Island  Sound,  and  on 
the  west  by  New  York. 

Which  one  of  the    Eastern    States  is    the 
largest  ? 

What  City  is  the  capital  of  Vermont  ? 
Montpelier. 

On  what  River  is  Montpelier  ? 
In  what  part  of  Vermont  is  Burlingto7i  ? 
What  is  Burlington  ? 

Burlington  is   the  Chief   City    of 
Vermont. 

On  what  Lake  is  Burlington  ? 
Wliat  is  meant  by  Chief  City  ? 

The  Chief  City  is  the  largest  City 
in  the  vState. 


liESSON   L. 

Spell  the  following  words : 

Concord,  kong'kurd.  Boston,  baws'tun, 

Morriraac,  mer're-mali.        Lowell,  lo'el. 
Manchester,  man'ches-ter.  Springfield,  spring'field. 
Augusta,  aw-gus'ta.  Providence,  prov'e-dence. 

Kennebec,  ken'ne-bek.         Newport,  nu'poit. 
Portland,  port'land.  Hartford,  hnrt'furd. 

Casco,  kas'ko.  New  Haven,  nu  ha'yen. 


What  City  is  the  capital  of  Xew  Hampshire? 
Concord. 

On  what  River  is  Concord? 

In  what  part  of  New  Hampshire  is  Manches- 
ter? 

What  is  Manchester  ? 

Manchester  is  the  Chief  City  of 
New  Hampshire. 


MAP  EXERCISES. 


47 


Whi  ,  City  w  the  capital  of  Maine  f 

Augusta. 

On  what  River  is  Augusta  ? 
Where  is  Portland  ? 

Portland  is  in  the  southern  part 
of  Maine,  on  Casco  Bay. 
WTiat  is  Portland  ? 
Portland  is  the  Chief  City  of  Maine. 

What  City  is  the  capital  and  Chief  City  of 
Massachusetts  ? 
Boston. 

How  is  Boston  situated? 

Boston  is  in  the  eastern  part  of 
Massachusetts,  on  Boston  Bay.  v 

Whai  other  Cities  are  there  in  Massachusetts  ? 
*  Lowell,  Worcester,  and  Spring- 
field. 

On  what  River  is  Lowell  ? 

On  what  River  is  Springfield? 

In  what  part  of  the  State  is  Worcester  ? 

WJiat  Cities  are  the  capitals  of  Rhode  Island? 

Providence  and  Newport. 

Wliich  is  the  Chief  City  ? 

Providence. 

What  city  is  the  capital  of  Connecticut  ? 

Hartford. 

\]^iich  is  the  Chief  City  of  Connecticut? 

New  Haven. 

O71  what  River  is  Hartford? 

In  what  part  of  Connecticut  is  New  Haven  ? 

LESSON    LI. 

Spell  the  following  words : 
Mobsehead,  mooi'hed.       Penobscot,  pe-nob'ikot. 


What  Island  is  south  of  Connecticut  ? 


To  what  State  does  Long  Island  belong  ? 
To  New  York. 
What  3Iountains  are  in  Vermont  ? 
The  Green  Mountains, 
Where  are  the  White  Mountains  ? 
The  White  Mountains  are  in  New 
Hampshire. 

What  Ocean  is  east  of  the  Eastern  States  ? 

Mlicre  is  Casco  Bay  ? 

Casco  Bay  is  south  of  Maine. 

Where  is  Massachusetts  Bay  ? 

Massachusetts  Bay  is  east  of  Mas- 
sachusetts. 

WJiere  is  Long  Island  Sound? 

Long  Island  Sound  is  south  of 
Connecticut,  "jfc 

Where  is  Lake  Champlain  ? 

Lake  Champlain  is  between  Ver- 
mont and  New  York. 

Where  is  Moosehead  Lake  ? 

In  the  northern  part  of  Maine. 

What  River  empties  into  Lake  Champlain  ? 

The  Onion  River. 

In  what  Mountaim  does  it  rise  ? 

The  Green  Mountains. 

What  tipo  Rivers  are  there  in  Maine  ?ym^(/yi  1  Aa-s, 

Which  one  rises  in  Moosehead  Lake  ?        >     I 

Through  what  States  does  the  Merrimacflow  ? 

Through  New  Hampshire  and  Mas- 
sachusetts. 

WTiat  River  flows  between  Vermont  and  New 
Hampshire  ? 

The  Connecticut  River.. 

What  two  States  does  it  cross  ? 

Into  what  Sound  does  it  empty  ? 


iJ 


MIDDLE    STATES 


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MAI*  EXERCISES. 


40 


LESSON    LII. 


How  is  New  York  bounded  on  the  north  ? 

New  York  is  bounded  on  the  north 
by  Lake  Ontario,  the  River  St.  Law- 
rence, and  Canada. 

JIouj  is  New  York  hounded  on  the  east  ? 

New  York  is  bounded  on  the  east 
by  Vermont,  Massachusetts,  and  Con- 
necticut. 

How  is  New  Yoi'k  bounded  on  tJie  south  and 
west? 

New  York  is  bounded  on  the  south 
by  New  Jersey  and  Pennsylvania, 
and  on  the  west  by  Lake  Erie,  the 
Niagara  River,  and  Lake  Ontario. 

In  what  direction  is  New  York  from  the 
Eastern  States  ? 

What  bouTuls  New  Jersey  on  the  north  ? 
New  York,    l-^ 

What  bounds  New  Jersey  on  tlie  east 
The  Atlantic  Ocean. 

What  bounds  New  Jersey  oniJie  south? 
Delaware  Bay. 

What  bounds  New  Jersey  on  the  west  ? 
The  Delaware  River. 

In  lohat  direftiori  is  ,N'fw  Jersey  from  Penn- 
sylvania?     /.,A  ^  V    ', . 

How  is  Delaware  bounded  on  the  vorth  ? 

Delaware  is  bounded  on  the  north 
by  Pennsylvania. 

What  bound*  Delaware  on  the  east? 
Delaware  Bay. 


How  is  it  bounded  on  the  south  and  west  ? 
Delaware  is  bounded  on  the  south 
and  west  by  Maryland.  ^ 


LESSON    LIII. 

Spell  the  following  icords : 

Albany,  awl'la-ne.  Buffalo,  buf'fa-lo. 

Troy,  txol.  liochester,  roch'os-tor. 

Tooklyn,  brook'Un.  Qencsoe,  jen-e-ie'. 


f 


How  is  Pennsylvania  bounded  on  the  north  ? 

Pennsylvania  is  bounded  on  the 
north  by  Lake  Erie  and  New  York. 

What  hounds  Pennsylvania  on  the  east  ? 

The  Delaware  River. 

How  iif  Pennsylvania  bounded  on  the  south  ? 

Pennsylvania  is  bounded  on  the 
south  by  Delaware,  Maryland,  and 
West  Virginia. 

WJiat  bound  Peiinsylvania  on  the  west  ? 

\Yest  Virginia  and  Ohio. 

In  what  direction  is  Pennsylvania  from  New 
York  ? 

^\llat  City  is  the  capital  of  New  York  ? 

Albany. 

On  what  River  is  Albany  ? 

Wliat  City  is  on  the  Hudson  Piver,  a  few 
miles  above  Albany  ? 

Troy,  v/ 

In  what  part  of  New  York  is  New  York  City? 

In  the  south-eastern  part. 

]\7iat  is  New  York  City  ? 

New  York  is  the  Chief  City  of  the 
State  of  New  York,  and  the  largest 
city  in  the  United  States. 


'  I 


w 


50 


CORNELL'S  FIRST  STEPS  IN   GEOGRAPUY. 


Memorial  IlaU,  Centennial 

ffow  is  New  York  situated? 

New  York  is  situated  mainly  on  an 
Island  between  the  Hudson  and  the 
East  River. 

Wliat  City  is  on  Long  Island^  near  New  York  ? 

Brooklyn. 

Where  is  Buffalo  ? 

Buffalo  is  in  the  western  part  of 
New  York. 

(hi  what  Lake  is  Buffalo  ? 

Where  is  Rochester  ? 

Rochester  is  in  the  western  part  of 

New  York. 

On  what  River  is  Rochester  ? 

Y 


V  LESSON    LIV. 

Spell  the  follovying  words: 

Hanisburg,  har'ris-berg.    Monongahela,  mo-non'jra-ho'la. 
Trenton,  tren'tun.  Philadelphia,  iil-a-dtl'fe-a. 

Pittsburg,  ptU'berg.  Newark,  nu'ark. 


What  City  is  the  capital  of  New  Jersey  ? 
Trenton. 


EzbibiUon,  FhilAdeiplvla. 

On  what  River  is  Trenton  ? 
Where  is  Jersey  City  i 

Jersey  City  is  in  the  north-eastern 
part  of  New  Jersey. 

On  what  River  is  Jersey  City  ? 
The  Hudson  River. 
Mention  the  Chief  City  of  New  Jersey. 
Newark. 

In  what  part  of  New  Jersey  is  Newark  ? 
The  north-eastern  part. 

What  City  is  the  capital  of  Delaware  ? 

Dover. 

Mention  the  Chief  City  of  Delaware. 

Wilmington,  f' 

In  what  part  of  Delaware  is  Wilmington 
situated  ? 

What  City  is  the  capital  of  Pennsylvania  f 

Harrisburg. 

On  what  River  is  Harrisburg  f 

Where  is  Philadelphia  ? 

Philadelphia  is  in  the  south-eastern 
part  of  Pennsylvania. 


^■r 


MAP  EXERCISES. 


61 


What  is  Philadelphia  f 

Philadelphia  is  the  Chief  City  of 
Pennsylvania. 

On  what  Jiiver  is  Philadelphia  ? 

In  what  part  of  Pennsylvania  is  Pittsburg  ? 

The  western  part. 

IJow  is  Pittsburg  situated? 

Pittsburg  is  situated  at  the  junc- 
tion of  the  Alleghany  and  the  Monon- 
gahela  River. 


LESSON    LV. 

Spell  the/oUowing  wM'da : 


Catskill,  kats'kii. 
Blue  Itidge,  blu  rij. 


Nfapara,  nl-ag's-nu 
Mohawk,  mo'hawk. 


Where  are  the  Catskill  Mountains  ? 

The  Catskill  Mountains  are  in  the 
eastern  part  of  New  York. 

WJiat  Mountains  ar    in  Pennsylvania  ? 

The  Blue  Ridge  and  the  Alleghany 

Mountains. 

In  what  direction  from  New  Jersey  and  Dela- 
ware is  the  Atlantic  Ocean  ? 

Where  is  Ncto  York  Bay  ? 

New  York  Bay  is  south  of  New 
York  City. 

Where  is  Delaware  Bay? 

Delaware  Bay  is  between  Delaware 
and  New  Jersey. 

What  Sound  is  north  of  Long  Island  ? 

Where  is  Lake  Brie  ? 

Lake  Erie  is  north  of  Ohio  and 
Pennsylvania. 


Where  is  Lake  Ontario  ? 

Lake  Ontario  is  between  New  York 
and  the  Province  of  Ontario. 

WJiere  is  Lake  Champlain  ? 

Lake  Champlain  is  between  New 
York  and  Vermont. 

What  River  runs  from  Lake  Erie  to  Lake 
Ontario  ? 

The  Niagara  River. 

What  River  crosses  Western  New  York  ? 

The  Genesee  River. 

hito  what  Lake  does  it  artpiy  ? 
What  liiver  rises  in  Lake  Ontario  f 
The  St.  Lawrence  River. 
Where  is  the  Hudson  liiver  ? 
The  Hudson  River  is  in  the  eastern 
part  of  New  York. 
What  course  does  it  flow? 
A  southerly  course. 

What  Branch  empties  info  the  Hudson  liiver 
near  Troy? 

The  Mohawk  River. 

What  River  is  between  New  Jersey  and  Penn- 
sylvania ? 

In  lohat  State  does  the  Delaware  River  rise  ? 

Info  what  Bay  does  it  empty  ? 

Throuph  tchat  three  States  does  the  Susque- 
hanna Rivtrfoio? 

The  Susquehanna  River  flows 
through  New  York,  Pennsylvania, 
and  Maryland. 

What  two  Eiva's  in  Pennsylvania  unite  and 
form  the  Ohio  River  ? 

The  Alleghany  and  the  Mononga- 
hela  River. 


09 


■ 


If  '< 


rn 


Its 


64 


CORNELL'S  FIRST  STEPS  IN  GEOGRAPHY. 


\J7iat  bound  it  on  the  west  ? 
The  Pearl  and  the  Mississippi  River. 
What  bound  Louisiana  on  the  north  ? 
Arkansas  and  Mississippi. 
What  bound  Louisiana  on  the  east  ? 
The   Mississippi  River,    the   Pearl 
River,  and  the  Gulf  of  Mexico. 
WJiat  bounds  Louisiana  on  the  sotith  ? 
The  Gulf  of  Mexico. 

What  bounds  Louisiana  on  the  west  ? 
Texas. 

What  bound  Texas  on  the  north  and  east? 

Texas  *  is  bounded  north  by  New 
Mexico  and  Indian  Territory,  east  by 
Indian  Territory  and  Louisiana. 

What  bound  Texas  on  the  south  and  west? 

Texas  is  bounded  on  the  south  by 


the  Gulf  of  Mexico  and  the  Rio 
Grande,  and  on  the  west  by  the  Rio 
Grande  and  New  Mexico. 


LESSON    LVIII. 

Spell  thefolUyicing  words : 
Annapolis,  nn-nnp'o-li..        Wilminpton,  w1l'inlno:-tun. 
Baltimore,  bawl't.-more,       Charleston,  charh'tun. 
Richmond,  rich'mund.         Conparee,  kong-pa-re'. 
Norfolk,  norToV.  Atlanta,  at-lan'ta. 

Ealoigh,  raw'le.  Oconee,  o-ko'ne. 


*  See  Map  of  tbe  United  States,  page  42. 


\Miat  City  is  the  capital  of  Maryland? 
Annapolis. 

Mention  the  Chief  City  of  Maryland. 
Baltimore. 

What  City  is  the  capital  of  West  Virginia? 
Wheeling. 

)iMint  City  is  the  capital  of  Virginia  ? 
Richmond. 


MAP  EXERCISES. 


65 


On  what  River  is  Richmond  ? 

In  what  part  of  Virgiyna  is  Norfolk  ? 

Mention  the  Chief  City  of  Virginia. 

Richmond. 

What  two  States  are  south  of  Virginia  i 
What  City  is  the  capital  of  North  Carolina  ? 
Raleigh. 

On  what  River  is  Wilmington  ? 
What  is  Wilmington  ? 

Wilmington  is  the  Chief  City  of 
!North  Carolina. 

What  City  is  the  capital  of  South  Carolina  ? 
Columbia. 

On  what  River  is  Columbia  ? 

Where  is  Charleston  ? 

Charleston  is  in  the  south-eastern 
part  of  South  Carolina. 

What  is  Charleston  ? 

Charleston  is  the  Chief  City  of 
South  Carolina. 

WJiat  State  is  west  of  South  Carolina  ? 

What  City  is  the  capital  of  Georgia  ? 

Atlanta. 

In  what  part  of  the  State  is  Atlanta? 


LESSON    LIX. 

Spell  the  following  words : 

Baton  Rouge,  b«t'un  roozh.       Mobile,  mo-beel'. 
St.  Augustine,  aw-gus-teea'.    Austin,  nws'tin. 
Tallahassee,  ui-la-hai'se.         Natchez,  nach'lz, 
Montgomery,  mont-gum'er-e.  New  Orleans,  uu  or'le-anz. 
Jackson,  jak'eun.  Galvcston,  gal'vci-tun. 

♦ 

On  what  River  is  Savannah  i 
Wliat  is  Savannah  ? 

Savannah  is  the  leading  Commer 
cial  City  of  Georgia. 


What  State  is  south  of  Georgia  ? 
What  City  is  the  capital  of  Florida  ? 
Tallahassee. 

In  what  part  of  Florida  is  St.  Augustine? 
What  State  is  cast  of  Alabama  ? 
What  City  is  the  capital  of  Alabatna  ? 
Montgomery. 

On  what  River  is  Montgomery  ? 
Mention  the  Chief  City  of  Alabama, 
Mobile. 

In  what  part  of  Alabama  is  Mobile? 
]]liat  Slate  is  west  of  Alabama? 
What  City  is  the  capital  of  Mississippi  ? 
Jackson. 

On  what  River  is  Jackson  ? 
In  what  part  of  Mississippi  is  Vicksburg  ? 
On  what  River  is  Vicksburg  ? 
What  is  Vicksburg  ? 

Vicksburg  is  the  Chief  City  of  Mis- 
sissippi. 

What  State  is  partly  south  of  Mississippi  ? 
What  City  is  the  capital  of  Louisiana  ? 

Baton  Rouge. 

On  lohat  River  is  Baton  Rouge  ? 
What  City  is  south-cast  of  Baton  Rouge  ? 
On  ivhat  River  is  New  Orleans  ? 
Mliat  is  New  Orleans  ? 
New  Orleans  is  the  Chief  City  of 
Louisiana. 

What  State  is  west  of  Loiiisiana  ? 
What  City  is  the  capital  of  Texas  ? 
Austin. 

On  wihat  River  is  Axistin? 
Where  and  what  is  Galvrstr'.v  ? 

Galveston,  the  Chief  City  of  Texas, 
is  situated  on  Galveston  Island. 


56 


CORNELL'S  FIRST  STEPS  IN  GEOGRAPHY. 


^  -E"**"; 


LESSON    LX. 

Spell  thefollmcing  words : 

Great  Pedee,  grate  pe-de'.     Altamaha,  awl'ta-ma-haw'. 
Santee,  san-te'.  Tombiffby,  tom-big'be. 


MTiere  is  Cape  Hatteras  ? 
I      Cape  Hatteras  projects  from  the 
'  eastern  coast  of  North  Carolina. 
I       Where  is  Cape  Sable  ? 
\      Cape  Sable  projects  from  the  south- 
ein  coast  of  Florida. 

What  Mouniaim  cross  the  Southern  States  ? 

Where  is  Chesapeake  Baqi  ? 

Chesapeake  Bay  is  in  Maryland. 

Where  is  the  Gulf  of  Jfexico  ? 

J-"o  wuii  ui  Mexico  is  soutli  oi  the 
Southern  States. 


Plantation. 

Wlicre  is  Mobile  Bay  ? 
Mobile  Bay  is  south  of  Alabama. 
^Mlat  two  Rivers jiow  into  CJmapeake  Bay? 
The  Potomac  and  the  James  River. 

Which  one  of  these  Rivers  is  on  the  bound- 
ary  between  Virginia  and  Maryland? 

Wliat  itno  Rivers  are  in  North  Carolina  ? 

The  Cape  Fear  and  the  Great  Pe- 
dee River. 

Through  what  two  States  does  the  Great  Pe- 
dtc  River  flow  ? 

What  Capital  City  is  on  the  Congaree  River? 
Into  what  River  docs  the  Congaree  empty  ? 
Into  the  Santee  River. 

What  River  is  between  Georgia  and  South 
Carolina  ? 

Into  what  Ocean  does  the  Savannah  River 
empty  ? 


QUESTIONS  FOR  REVIEW. 


57 


LESSON    LXI. 


What  City  is  in  the  north-west  of  Georgia  ? 
Into  what  River  does  the  Oconee  empty  ? 
Into  the  Altamaha  River. 

Into  what  Ocean  does  the  Altamaha  empty  ? 
What  Rivers  are  there  in  Alabama  ? 
On  what  River  is  Montgomery  situated? 
Where  is  the  Pearl  River  ? 

In  Mississippi. 

What  two  Rivers  are  in  Louisiana  ? 
]V7iere  docs  the  Mississippi  River  rise  ? 
The   Mississippi   River*    rises    in 
Minnesota. 

What  course  docs  itjlow  ? 
A  southerly  course. 
Into  what  Gulf  does  it  empty  ? 
The  Gulf  of  Mexico. 

What  Capital  City  is  on  the  Colorado  River  ? 
Into    what  Gulf  does  the  Colorado  River 
empty  ? 


LESSON    LXII. 

♦ 

Questions  for   Review. 

IIow  many  States  are  in  the  United  States  ? 

How  many  Territories  ? 

How  many  Districts  ? 

What  Capital  City  is  situated  in  this  District  ? 

Of  what  is  it  the  Capital  ? 

What  States  are  called  the  Eastern  States  ? 

Mention  the  largest  City  of  the  Eastern 
States.     Boston. 

What  States  bound  New  York  on  the  east  ? 

Mention  the  larcost  River  of  the  Eastern 
States.     C. 


*  See  Map  of  the  United  State*. 


What  Mountains  are  in  Vermont  ? 

What  Mountains  are  in  New  Hampshire  V 

Mention  the  largest  City  in  the  United 
States.    N.  Y. 

Where  is  New  York  ? 

What  Cities  are  capitals  of  the  Middle 
States?    A.,  T.,  D.,  H. 

Where  is  Brooklyn  ?     Where  is  Bufifalo  ? 

Where  and  what  is  Philadelphia  ? 

What  Mountains  are  in  New  York  ? 

Where  is  Maryland  ? 

What  Bay  extends  into  Maryland  ? 

Mention  the  Chief  City  of  Maryland.     B. 

Of  what  State  is  Richmond  the  Capital  ? 


LESSON    LXIII. 


Questions  for   Bevlcw— Continued. 

Of  what  State  is  Columbia  the  capital  ? 
What  Capital  is  on  the  Pearl  River  ? 
What  Capital  is  on  the  Colorado  River? 
What  Gulf  is  east  of  Texas  ? 
What  State  is  east  of  Mississippi  ? 
What  State  is  east  of  Alabama  ? 
Wliat  River  and  Ocean  are  east  of  Georgia  ? 
Mention  the  chief  City  of  Georgia.    A. 
Name  the  Chief  City  of  South  Carolina.    Ch. 
Of  what  State  is  New  Orleans  the  Chief  City  ? 
Of  what  State  is  Mobile  the  Chief  City  ? 
How  is  New  Orleans  situated  ? 
What  State  is  north  of  North  Carolina  ? 
What  State  is  south  of  Georgia  ? 
What  States  are  north  of  Florida  ? 
What  State  is  north  of  Alabama  ? 
What  Mountains  are  in  Virginia  ? 
Of  what  State  is  Raleigh  the  capital  ? 
Jlcntion  the  largest  State  in  the  United 
States.    Texas. 

Mention  the  smallest.     Rhode  Island. 


1 

i  ■   '■■■   '^f,': 

CU»' 


:>r 


tana 


V 


\ 


MAP  EXERCISES. 


69 


LESSON   LXIV. 


How  is  Minnesota  bounded  on  the  north  and 
east? 

Minnesota  is  bounded  on  the  north 
by  the  Dom.  of  Canada,  and  on  the 
east  by  Lake  Superior  and  Wisconsin. 

What  bounds  it  on  the  south  ? 

Iowa. 

What  bounds  it  on  t/ie  west  i 

Dakota  Territory. 

What  bound  Wisconsin  on  the  north  ? 

Lake  Superior  and  Michigan. 

What  bound  Wisconsin  on  the  east' 

Michigan  and  Lake  Michigan. 

How  is  Wisconsin  bounded  on  tlve  south  and 
west  ? 

Wisconsin  is  bounded  on  the  south 
by  Illinois,  and  on  the  west  by  the 
Mississippi  River  and  Minnesota. 

What  Lake  bounds  Michigan  on  the  north  ? 

Lake  Superior. 

What  Lakes  bound  Michigan  on  the  east  ? 

Lake  Huron,  Lake  St.  Clair,  and 
Lake  Erie. 

What  States  bound  Michigan  on  the  south  ? 

Indiana  and  Ohio. 

WJiat  bound  Michigan  on  the  xvcst  ? 

Lake  Michigan  and  Wisconsin. 

How  is  Ohio  bounded? 

Ohio  is  bounded  on  the  north  by 
Michigan  and  Lake  Erie,  on  the  east 
by  Pennsvlvania  and  the  Ohio  River, 
on  the  south  bv  the  Ohio  River,  and 
on  the  west  by  Indiana. 


LESSON   LXV. 


How  is  Kentucky  bounded  on  the  north  and 
east  ? 

Kentucky  is  bounded  on  the  north 

by  the  Ohio  River,  and  on  the  east 

by  West  Virginia  and  Virginia. 

How  is  Kentucky  bounded  on  the  south  and 
west  ? 

Kentucky  is  bounded  on  the  south 
by  Tennessee,  and  on  the  west  by 
the  Mississippi  River  and  the  Ohio 
River. 

How  is  Tennessee  bounded? 

Tennessee  is  bounded  on  the  north 
by  Kentucky,  on  the  east  by  North 
Carolina,  on  the  south  by  Georgia, 
Alabama,  and  Mississippi,  and  on  the 
west  by  the  Mississippi  River. 

How  is  Arkansas  bounded  ? 

Arkansas  is  bounded  on  the  north 
by  Missouri,  east  by  Missouri  and  the 
Mississippi  River,  south  by  Louisiana, 
and  west  by  Indian  Territory. 

How  is  3Iissouri  bounded? 

Missouri  is  bounded  north  by  Iowa, 
east  by  the  Mississippi  River,  south 
by  Arkansas,  and  west  by  Indian 
Territory,  Kansas,  and  Nebraska. 

How  is  Iowa  bounded  ? 

Iowa  is  bounded  on  the  north  by 
Minnesota,  east  by  the  Mississippi 
River,  south  by  Missouri,  and  west 
by  Dakota  and  the  Missouri  River. 


60 


CORNELL'S  FIRST  STEPS  IN   GEOGRAPHY. 


I 


How  is  Kansas  *  bounded  ? 
I      Kansas  is  bounded  north  by  Ne- 
1  hraska,  east  by  Missouri,  south  by  In- 
dian Territory,  and  west  by  Colorado. 
How  is  Nebraska^  bounded? 
Nebraska    is    bounded    north    by 
Dakota,  east  by  the  Missouri  River, 
south  by  Kansas  and  Colorado,  and 
west  by  Colorado  and  Wyoming. 


LESSON    LXVI. 

Spell  the  following  words: 
Wabash,  waw'bash,  Idaho,  i'da-ho. 
Wyoming,  wl-o'mlng.               Arizona,  ar-e-zo'na. 
♦ . 

Wiat  bounds  Illinois  on  the  north  ? 

Wisconsin. 

\Miat  bound  Illinois  on  the  cast  ? 

Indiana  and  the  Wabash  River. 

How  is  it  bounded  on  the  south  and  west  ? 

Illinois  is  bounded  on  the  south  by 
the  Ohio  River,  and  on  the  west  by 
the  Mississippi  River. 

How  is  Indiana  bounded ? 
Indiana  is  bounded  north  by  Lake 
Michigan  and  Michigan,  east  by  Ohio, 
I  south  by  the  Ohio  River,  and  west  by 
the  Wabash  River  and  Illinois. 
How  is  Colorado  *  bounded? 
Colorado  is  bounded  north  by  Wy- 
I  oming  Territory  and  Nebraska,  east 
I  by  Nebraska  and  Kansas,  south  by 
Indian   Territory   and  New  Mexico, 
and  west  by  Utah. 

•  See  Map  of  States  and  Territories,  page  64. 


How  is  Nevada  *  bounded? 

Nevada  is  bounded  north  by  Ore- 
gon and  Idaho,  east  by  Utah  and 
Arizona,  south  and  west  by  Cali- 
fornia. 

How  is  Oregon*  bounded? 

Oregon  is  bounded  north  by  Wash- 
ington Territory  and  the  Columbia 
River,  east  by  the  Lewis  River  and 
Idaho,  south  by  Nevada  and  Cali- 
fornia, and  west  by  the  Pacific 
Ocean. 

How  is  California*  bounded? 

California  is  bounded  north  by  Ore- 
gon, east  by  Nevada  and  Arizona, 
south  by  Mexico,  and  west  by  the 
Pacific  Ocean. 

\niai  Citi/  is  the  capilal  of  Minnesota  ? 
St.  Paul. 

On  what  River  is  St.  Paul? 


liESSON  IiXVII. 

Spill  the  following  words  : 

Cohimbns,  kn-i„m'buE.  Nashville,  naih'vil. 

Cleveland,  kleve'Iand.  Memphis,  mem'fis. 

Cincinnati,  dn-sin-nat'e.  Jefferson  City,  jef  fer-.um. 

Frankfort,  frank'fort.  St.  Louis,  saint  loo'e. 

Louisville,  loo'is-viUe.  Scioto,  si-o'to. 


What  City  is  the  capital  of  Ohio  ? 
Columbus. 

On  what  River  is  Columbus? 
Where  is  Cleveland  ? 

Cleveland  is  in  the  northern  part 
of  Ohio,  on  Lake  Erie. 


Wiere  is  Cincinnnfi  ? 

Cincinnati  is  in  the  southern  part 
of  Ohio,  on  the  Ohio  River. 

What  is  Cincinnati  ? 

Cincinnati  is   the   Chief   City    of 
Ohio. 

M7iat  liiver  is  between  Ohio  and  Kevtucky? 
^^l)at  City  is  the  capital  of  Kcntuchj? 
Frankfort. 

On  what  llher  is  Franlfort  ? 
What  City  in  Kentucky  is  on  the  Ohio  River  ? 
WJiat  is  Louisville  ? 

Louisville    is    the    Chief  City   of 
Kentucky. 

What  State  is  south  of  Kentucky  ? 
What  City  is  the  capital  of  Tennessee  ? 
Nashville, 

On  what  liiver  is  Nashville  ? 


Mention  the  Chief  City  of  Tennessee. 
Nashville. 

},Vhat  City  in  Tennessee  is  on  the  3Iississippi 
liiver  ? 

Memphis. 

\Miat  State  is  south  of  Missouri  ? 
What  City  is  the  capital  of  Arkansas  ? 
Little  Rock, 

On  what  River  is  Little  Rock? 
Mention  the  Chief  City  of  Arkansas. 
Little  Rock. 

What  State  is  south  of  Iowa  ? 

What  City  is  the  capital  of  Missouri  ? 

Jefferson  City. 

Wliat  and  where  is  St.  Louis? 

St.  Louis,  the  Chief  City  of  Mis- 
souri, is  situated  in  the  oastern 
part  of  Missouri,  on  the  Mississippi 
River. 


62 


CORNELL'S  FIRST  STEPS  IN  GEOGRAPHY. 


LESSON    LXVIII. 

Spell  the/oUovHng  words  : 

Des  Moines,  de-mofn'.  Inrllanapolli,  In-de-sn-ap'o-lli. 

DavcniMjrt,  dav'en-port.  Milwaukee,  mil-waw'k.. 

I>ubuque,  du-buke'.  St.  Clair,  saint  kkre. 

Chicago,  .he-kaw'go.  Itasca,  l-ta.'k». 


L 


}Miat  is  the  capital  and  Chief  City  of  Iowa  ? 

Des  Moines. 

On  what  River  is  Des  Moines  i 

Jfentior.  two  other  large  Cities  of  Iowa. 

Diibuqne  iiiid  Davenport. 

On  what  River  are  these  Cities  ? 

What  River  separates  Iowa  from  Illinois? 

\VJiat  City  is  the  capital  of  Illinois  i 

Springfield. 

On  what  Lake  is  Chicago  ? 
What  is  Chicago  ? 

Chicago  is  the  Chief  City  of  Illinois. 
Kame^  the  capital  and  Chief  City  of  Indiana. 
Indianapolis. 

}Miat  City  is  the  capital  of  Wisconsin? 
Madison. 

Mention  the  Chief  City  of  Wisconsin. 

Alihvaukee. 

On  what  Lake  is  Mthcaukee  ? 

What  City  is  the  capital  of  Michigan? 

Lansing. 

On  what  River  is  Lansing  ? 

On  what  River  is  Detroit  ? 

What  is  Detroit  ? 

The  Chief  City  of  Michigan. 

]nat  Mountains  are  between  Tennessee  and 
North  Carolina? 

The  Alleghany  Mountains. 


Wliere  is  Lake  Superior  ? 

Lake  Superior  is  between  Michigan 
and  the  Dominion  of  Canada. 

Wiere  is  Lake  Huron  ? 

Lake  Huron  is  south-east  of  Lake 
Superior,  between  Michigan  and  the 
Dominion  of  Canada. 

What  Lake  is  between  Lakes  Huron  and 
Erie? 

Lake  St.  Clair. 

Wliere  is  Lake  Erie  ? 

Lake  Erie  is  between  Ohio  and 
Canada. 

Where  is  Lake  Michigan  ? 

Lake  Michigan  is  between  Michigan 
and  Wisconsin. 

Where  is  Itasca  Lake  ? 

Itasca  Lake  is  in  Minnesota. 


LESSON    LXIX. 


W?iat  River  in  Michigan  empties  into  Lake 
Michigan  ? 

Where  is  the  Detroit  River  ? 

The  Detroit  River  is  between  Lake 
St.  Clair  and  Lake  Erie. 

^^^at  River  in  Wisconsin  empties  into  the 
Mississippi  River  ? 

Where  is  the  Illinois  River  ? 

The  Illinois  River  is  in  Illinois. 

Of  what  River  is  it  a  branch  ? 

The  Mississippi  River. 

\Miat  River  empties   into   the   Mississippi^ 
between  Illinois  and  Kentn-'-kv  - 

The  Ohio  River. 


Michigan 
da. 

t  of  Lake 
n  and  the 

Huron  and 


Dhio  and 


Michigan 


ta. 


s  into  Lake 

Jen  Lake 
's  into   the 

tiois. 
lississippi., 


MAP  EXERCISES. 


68 


A  Prairie 

What  two  Rivers  empty  into  the  Ohio  River 
on  the  north  f 

The  Scioto  and  the  Wabash  River. 

In  what  State  is  the  Scioto  River  ? 
Between  what  States  docs  the  Wabash  River 
flow? 

Between  Indiana  and  Illinois. 

Mention  the  southern  branches  of  the  Ohio 
River. 

The   Kentucky,   the    Cumberland, 
and  the  Tennessee  River. 

Which  one  of  these  flows  through  Kentucky 
and  Tennessee  only  ? 

The  Cumberland  River. 

Wliich  one  flows  through  Kentucky  mdy  ? 

The  Kentucky  River. 

}Vhieh  one  flows  through  Tennessee,  Alabama, 
and  Kentucky  ? 


on  Fire. 

The  Tennessee  River. 

Wliat    River    en^pties  iiito   the   AFississijrpi 
River  from  Iowa  ? 

The  Des  Moines  River. 

Wlure  docs  this  River  rise? 

In  Minnesota. 

What    River   empties  into   the    IHssissippi 
River  frotn  Jlissouri  ^ 
The  Missouri  River. 
Where  does  the  Missouri  River  *  rise  ? 
In  the  Rocky  Mountains. 
]\7iat  River  crosses  Arkansas  ? 
The  Arkansas  River. 
Of  u'hat  River  is  the  Arkansas  a  branch  ? 
Where  docs  the  Arkansas  River*  rise? 
In  the  Rockv  Mountains. 


»  See  Map  of  State*  and  Territories,  page  64. 


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66 


CORNELL'S  FIRST  STEPS  IN  GEOGRAPHY. 


How  is  Utah  bounded? 

Utah  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  Ida- 
ho and  Wyoming,  east  by  Wyoming 
and  Colorado,  south  by  Arizona, 
and  west  by  Nevada. 

How  is  Wyoming  bowided? 

Wyoming  is  bounded  north  by  Mon- 
tana, east  by  Dakota  and  Nebraska, 
south  by  Colorado  and  Utah,  and  west 
by  Utah,  Idaho,  and  Montana. 

LESSON    liXXII. 

Spell  the  following  words  : 

Olympia,  o-liai'pe-a.       Helena,  hel'e-u*. 

Platte,  plat.  Cheyenne,  shl-en'. 

Santa  F6,  «an'ta  fa'.        Boise,  bwau-za'. 
♦ 
What  City  is  the  capital  of  Washington  ? 
Olympia. 

What  City  is  the  capital  of  Idrho  ? 
Bois^  City. 

What  City  is  the  capital  of  JTontana  ? 
Helena. 

What  City  is  the  capital  of  Dakota  ? 
Yankton. 

What  City  is  the  capital  of  Wyoming  ? 
Cheyenne. 

What  City  is  the  capital  of  Kew  Mexico  ? 
Santa  F6. 

Wliat  City  is  the  capital  of  Arizona  i 
Prescott. 

What  City  is  the  capital  of  Utah  ? 
Salt  Lake  City. 

Whft  Territories  are  traversed  by  the  Rocky 
Mountains  ?    By  the  Missouri  River  ? 


What  two  Rivers  form  the  Colorado  ? 
The  Green  and  the  Grand  River. 
^V^lat  River  is  in  California  ? 
The  Sacramento  River. 

What  Rivers  are  in  Oregon  ? 

Wiat  Rivers  are  in  Washington  Territory  ? 


LESSON    LXXIII. 


Quefltions  for  Review. 

What  State  is  west  of  Ohio  ? 

What  State  is  west  of  Indiana  ? 

Wliere  is  Cincinnati  ?     Where  is  St.  Louis  ? 

What  River  bounds  Illinois  on  the  west  ? 

What  lavge  City  is  in  Illinois  ?    C. 

What  State  is  north  of  Illinois  ? 

What  Lake  is  be*  .veen  Michigan  and  Wis- 
consin ?    Where  is  Milwaukee  ? 

Of  what  State  is  Nashville  the  capital  ? 

Which  is  further  north,  Iowa  or  Missouri  ? 

What  large  River  rises  in  Minnesota  ? 

Into  what  Gulf  does  it  empty  ? 

Of  what  River  is  the  Ohio  a  branch  ? 

What  three  States  border  on  the  north  bank 
of  the  Ohio  River?    111.,  I.,  0. 

What  two  States  border  on  the  south  bank 
of  the  Ohio  River  ?    Where  is  Detroit  ? 

Of  what  State  is  Louisville  the  Chief  City  ? 

On  what  River  is  it  ?    Where  is  Memphis  ? 

Where  is  California?  What  bounds  Cali- 
foraia  on  the  north  ? 

What  bound  Utah  on  the  north  ? 

Of  what  River  is  the  Missouri  a  branch  ? 

What  Capital  Cities  are  on  the  Missouri 
River  ?    Yankton  and  Jefferson  City. 

What  City  is  on  the  Cumberland  River  ? 

What  City  is  on  the  Scioto  River  ? 

Of  what  State  is  Springfield  the  capital  ? 


5 


lo? 
River. 


territory  ? 


St.  Louis  ? 
e  west  ? 

J, 

\  and  Wis- 

pital  ? 
ilissouri  ? 
iota? 

;h? 

lortli  bank 

outh  bank 
>it? 

lief  City  ? 
Memphis  ? 
unds  Cali- 


raneh  ? 

0  Missouri  j 

River  ? 

ipital  ? 


LESSON    LXXIV. 

SpeU  thefollovnng  words 

Polynesia,  pol-e-ne'she-a, 


Australasia,  ttw6-tral-»'she-a. 


Malaysia,  ma-la'she- 
Sydney,  lid'ne. 


Wliat  docs  Oceania  comprise  ? 

Oceania  comprises  the  Continent; 
of  Australia,  and  most  of  the  Islands 
in  the  Pacific  Ocean. 

How  is  Oceania  divided  ? 

Oceania  is  divided  into  three  parts, 
called  Polynesia,  Australasia,  and 
Malaysia. 

Mention  the  most  important  groups  of  Islands 
in  Polynesia. 


The  Sandwich,  Society,  and  Friend- 
ly Islands. 

What  Continent  is  in  Australasia  ? 

What  is  Australia  somdimes  called? 

An  Island. 

Mention  some  Islands  of  Aiistralasia. 

New  Guinea,   New   Zealand,  and 
Van  Diemen's  Land. 

Mention  some  Islands  of  Malaysia. 

The    Philippine   Islands,  Celebes,  \ 
Java,  Sumatra,  and  Borneo. 

What  City  is  the  capital  of  part  of  Aus- 
tralia ? 

Sydney. 


I 


i^A  tf 


>tf' 


GENERAL  REVIEW. 


In  what  Hemisphere  is— 

North  America  ? 
Europe? 


South  America? 
Asia? 


Africa  ? 
Australia  ? 


!  Japan  Islands? 
i  Madagascar? 
I  Bardiuia? 


TVhat  is  the  Capital  City  of,  and 

in  what  Grand 

Division  is— 

Dom.  of  Canada? 

German  Empire  ? 

France  ? 

Brazil? 

Denmark  ? 

Peru? 

United  States  ? 

Liberia  ? 

Prussia? 

U.  8.  of  Colom- 

Argentine Repub 

■  Persia? 

bia? 

lie? 

Austria? 

Chinese  Empire  ? 

Scotland  ? 

Egypt? 
Eng  and  ? 

Venezuela  ? 

Russia  ? 

Turkey? 

Spain? 

Chili? 

Hindostan  ? 

Of  what  State  % 

Ireland  ? 

Portugal  ? 

,s  each  of  the  following  Cities  the 

Capital— 

Albany? 

Baton  Rouge? 

Austin  ? 

Kaleigh? 

Columbia  ? 

Montpelier  ? 

Sacramento  ? 

Jefferson  City  ? 

Tallahassee? 

Frankfort? 

Augusta? 

AtlanU? 

Madison  ? 

Columbus  ? 

Dover? 

Harrisburg? 

Des  Moines  ? 

Richmond  ? 

Jackson  ? 

Indianapolis  ? 

Springfield  ? 

St.  Paul  ? 

Trenton  ? 

Annapolis  ? 

Boston  ? 

Hartford  ? 

Providence  and  ) 

Lansing  ? 

Montgomery? 

Newport?           f 

Lincoln? 

Concord  ? 

Salem  ? 

Carson  ? 

In  what  Count) 

Wheeling? 

Topeka? 

y  or  Countries 

are  the  following 

Mountains— 

Carpathian? 

Green  ? 

White  ? 

Andes? 

Nevada  ? 

Alps? 

'  Pyrenees? 

Altai? 

Catskill? 

i  Kong? 

Alleghany? 

Rockv  ? 

i  Himalaya? 

Ural? 

Brazilian  ? 

1 

i  Tiirough  what  Country  or  Countries  do  the  following 

Riteraflow— 

Hudson? 

Great  Pedeo  ? 

Ganges? 

Amazon  ? 

Ural? 

Tagus  ? 

1  Nile? 

Wabash? 

Tennessee  ? 

Mississippi? 

Missouri  ? 

I'enobscot  ? 

'  Rhine? 

Danube  ? 

Savannah? 

'  Kentucky? 

Ohio? 

Niger? 

Seine? 

Connecticut  ? 

Indus  ? 

1  James? 
Where  are  thefc 

Volga? 

Arkansas  ? 

Mowing  Islands— 

Borneo? 

Long? 

Terra  del  Fuego  ? 

i  Sicily? 

Iceland  ? 

Philippine  Isles? 

1  British  Isles  ? 

Java? 

Madeira  Isles? 

Newfoundland  ? 

Cuba? 

Ceylon? 


Greenland  ? 
Canary  Isles  ? 
Corsica  ? 


Li  what  State  is  eacJi  of  the  following  Cities— 


Philadelphia  ? 
New  Orleans  ? 
St.  Louis  ? 
San  Francisco  ? 
Cleveland  ? 
Portland  ? 
Pittsburg  ? 
Troy? 


Memphis  ? 
Rochester  ? 
Newark  ? 
Milwaukee  ? 
Lowell? 
Cincinnati  ? 
Mobile? 
Detroit? 


Where  are  thefollotcing  Seas— 


Caribbean  ? 
Black? 
Japan? 
North? 


Baltic? 
Red? 
Caspian  ? 
Arabian  f 


Where  are  the  following  Bays— 


Hudson  ? 

Bengal  ? 
Chesapeake  ? 


Massachusetts  ? 
Biscay  ? 
Casco? 


Where  are  the  following  Lakes — 

!  Superior?  Erie? 

I  Great  Salt?  Mooseheod? 

Champlain?  Ontario? 

Michigan  ?  G  real  Bear  ? 


Louisville  ? 
New  York  ? 
Savannah? 
Buffalo? 
Baltimore  ? 
Springfield? 
Brooklyn  ? 
Burlington  ? 


China? 

Mediterranean  ? 
Adriatic  ? 
Aral? 


MobUe? 
BafiBu? 
Delaware  ? 


Great  Slave? 
Itasca? 
Winnipeg  ? 
Huron? 


On  wJiat  River  is  each  of  the  following  Cities  situ- 


ated— 

Paris? 
New  York  ? 
Lisbon  ? 
Buenos  Ayres  ? 
Columbus? 


New  Orleans  ? 

Vienna? 

Rochester? 

Natchez? 

Columbia? 


Wilmington,  in  North  Carolina? 
Augusta,  in  Maine  ? 
Augusta,  in  Georgia? 
Springfield,  in  Massachusetts  ? 


Where  are  the  following  Oulfs— 


Me.Tico  ? 

St.  Lawrence  ? 


Guinea? 
Bothnia? 


Where  are  the  following  Straits- 

Magellan?  Gibraltar? 

Dover?  Messina? 


Albauy  ? 
Hartford  ? 
Cairo? 
Austin  ? 
Cincinnati  ? 
Trenton  ? 
Troy? 
Lowell? 
Sacramento? 


Persian  ? 
Finland  ? 


Bab-el-Mandob? 
Behring? 


iland? 
•y  leleB  ? 
3a? 


■tea— 

ville  ? 
York? 
mah? 
lo? 
nore? 
gfleld? 
tlyn  ? 
DgtOQ  ? 


I? 

::crranean  ? 
itic? 


le? 

1? 

varef 


:SlAve? 
1? 

lipeg  ? 
n? 


Cities  tiitU' 

iy? 

ford? 

? 

in? 

nnati  ? 

ton? 

? 

jll? 

.mento? 


an? 
,nd? 


Bl-Mandob? 
Ing? 


CORNELL'S  Outline  Maps. 

REVISED   TO    DATE. 

13  Maps,  mounted  on  Muslin.     Price,  per  set,  with  Key,  $13.25;  separately, 
single  Maps,  90  cts.;  double,  $1.75.    Key,  separately,  45  ^^s- 

THE  SERIES   CONSISTS   OF  THE   FOLLOWING  MAPS: 

TiTE  WORIiD.  Size,  82  by  52  inches.  Comprising  the  Eastern  and  West  i  Hemi- 
spheres, Diagrams  of  Meridians  and  Parallel?,  Tropics  and  Zones,  Northern  ai  bouthern 
Hemispheres,  and  Heights  of  the  Principal  Mountains. 

NORTH  AMERICA.    Size,  27  by  32  inches. 

THE  UNITED  STATES  AND  CANADA.    Size,  32  by  52  inches. 

EASTERN  AND  MIDDLE  STATES.  Size,  27  by  32  inches.  With  en- 
larged  plans  of  the  Vicinities  of  Boston  and  New  York. 

SOUTHERN  STATES.    Size,  27  by  32  ..iches. 

WESTERN  STATES.    Size,  27  by  32  inches. 

TiTT^YTr-n    rT'lSTTRAL.  AMERICA,  AND  WEST  INDIES.     Size  27 
^™y^3?iLche?    W?h  e^arted  ^^^^  of  Nicaragua  and  the  Great  Antdles. 

SOUTH  AMERICA.    Size,  27  by  32  inches. 

EUROPE.     Size,  27  by  32  inches. 

BRITISH  ISLANDS.    Size,  27  by  82  inches. 

CENTRAL,  SOUTHERN,  AND  WESTERN  EUROPE.    Size,  27  by 

82  inches. 
ASIA.    Size,  27  by  32  inches.    With  enlarged  plans  of  Palestine  and  the  Sandwich  Islands. 
AFRICA,  'size,  27  by  32  inches.     With  enlarged  plans  of  Egypt,  Liberia,  and  Cape 

Colony. 

CORNELL'S  MAP-DRAWING  CARDS. 

For  the  study  and  practice  of  Map-draxuing.     Price,  per  set,  45  ^^s. 

Correspondence  in  reference  to  our  standard  text-books  respectfully  invited. 
fuirdescXtive  catalogue  of  all  our  standard  educational  works  sent  free  on  apphcat.on. 

Address  D.  APPLETQN  &  CO.,  Publishers, 

1,  3,  &  5  Bond  Street,  New  York. 


L-A-TEST     -A.1ST3D     BEST- 


APPLETONS' 


AjiERICAN  STAPARD  GEOGRAPHIES. 

TWO  BOOKS,  ELEMENTARY  AND  HIGHER. 


POINTS  OF  EXCELLENCE. 


ELEMENTARY. 

1.  Prepared  in  accordance  with  the  views  of  the  lest  teachers  and  educators. 

2.  The  subject  is  treated  objectively ;  the  concrete  precedes  the  abstract. 

3.  No  formal  definitions;  new  and  nccessai  j  ideas  are  imparted  in  reading-lessons. 

4.  Geographical  facts  are  linked  with  striking  facts  of  history,  natural  history,  and 

social  life. 

5.  Illustrations  are  furnished  on  which  to  base  questions  leading  up  from  things 

familiar. 

6.  The  pupil  is  taught  to  appreciate  distance,  to  apply  the  scale  of  the  map,  and  to 

draw  simple  outlines  by  the  use  of  the  scale. 

7.  The  maps  are  distinct,  unencumbered,  accurate,  and  attractive. 

8.  A  sufficient  number  of  questions  are  presented  to  familiarize  the  pupil  with  the 

contents  of  the  map  without  overburdening  the  memory. 

9.  This  book  is  Elementary  in  the  style  and  quality  of  its  matter,  and  in  its  devel- 

opment of  the  subject,  as  well  as  in  name. 
10.  The  system  of  reviews,  the  loritten  exercises,  the  paragraphs  in  heavy  faced 
tijpe,  and  the  occasional  references  to  standard  works,  are  worthy  of  special 

attention. 

Price,  65  cents. 


D.  APPLETON  &  CO.,  Publishers, 

1,  3,  &  5  Bond  Street,  New  York. 


-  .^^■^^^#^71?^""- 


thinffs 


APPLETONS* 

Americah  Statoard  Geographies, 


POINTS    OF    EXCEIiLENCB. 

HIGHER. 

1.  This  book  is  not  a  mere  reproduction  or  expaDsion  of  the  Elementary ;  the  sub- 
ject is  treated  subjectively.  ,  ^,  .    r     ^ 
2    Generalization  in  the  descriptive  matter  is  a  distinctive  feature  of  this  book. 
3'  Great  prominence  is  given  to  the  leading  industries,  and  especially  to  commerre 
4*.  Peculiar  Industries  of  general  interest  are  explaiiied  and  illustrated  with 

graphic  designs. 
5    Introduction  of  occasional  references  to  standard  hooks  is  an  entirely  new  feature. 
g!  Unsatisfactory  meagerness  has  been  avoided  on  tho  one  hand,  and  cumbrousness 

of  detail  on  the  other. 
7    SuGGESTiYE  QUESTIONS  requiring  independent  thought  are  introduced.  _ 

8*.  Pronunciation  of  difficult  proper  names  is  given  where  they  occur,  as  well  as  in 

the  Reference  Tables.  ,.  ^.    *  ^a 

•9    The  Study  Maps  challenge  comparison  in  point  of  correctness,  distinctness,  and 

artistic  finish.    By  the  use  of  both  llach  and  hrown  lettering,  a  convenient 

study  map  is  combined  with  a  Reference  Map. 

10  The  Physical  Maps  are  uneqnaled  in  usefulness,  comprehensiveness,  and  beauty; 

the  Commercial  Map  of  the  World,  the  Ilktorical  Maps,  and  the  Map  of  the 
Arctic  Regions,  will  be  found  of  great  value  for  reference. 

11  The  Illustrations  are/mA,  graphic,  and  instructive  worTcs  of  art. 


Price,  $l.BO. 


A  Descriptive  Catalogue,  embracing  ail  our  reliable  and  popular  Text-Books,  will  be 

"-"^Sr^Z^t:^      of  educate,  ^er^pec^^^  "^  ^^Z 
"Educational  Departmknt"  their  headquarters  ^^hlle  m  the  city,     wnen  \^,  v 

inquire  for  this  Department. 

D.   APPLETON  &  CO.,  Publisliers, 

1,  3,  &  B  Bond  Street,  New  York. 


Il  ' 


% 


APPLETONS' 

-lOOL   READE 

Cons-isttng  of  Five  BooJzs, 


BY 


WM.  T.  HARRIS,  LL  D., 

Superintendent  of  Schools^ 
St.  LouiSf  Mo. 


A.  J.  RICKOFF,  A.  M., 

Superintendent  of  Instruction, 
Cleveland,  0. 


MARK  BAILEY,  A.  M., 

Instructor  in  Elocution, 
Tale  College. 


APPLETONS'   FIRST   READER Child's  Quarto,    go  pages. 

APPLETONS'   SECOND   READER i2mo,   142      " 

APPLETONS'  THIRD    READER i2mo,  214      " 

APPLETONS'   FOURTH  READER i2mo,  248      " 

APPLETONS'   FIFTH   READER i2mo,  47"      " 


These  Eeaders,  while  avoidiuR  extremes  and  one-sided  tendencies,  combme  into  one  haraia. 
niou3  whole  the  several  results  deairable  to  be  attained  in  a  series  of  school  reading-books. 
These  include  good  pictorial  illustrations,  a  combination  of  the  word  and  phonic  methods, 
carefiVgradirig,^drill  on  the  peculiar  combinations  of  letters  that  represent  vowel-sounds  cor- 
rect spellmg,  Ixercises  well  arranged  for  the  pupil's  preparation  by  himself  (so  that  he  shall 
Larn  thereat  lessons  of  self-help,  self-depend{nce,  the.habit  of  ^PP^^^^tion  excretes  that 
develop  a  practical  command  of  correct  forms  of  expression,  good  iterary  taste  close  cntical 
power  of  thought,  and  ability  to  interpret  the  entire  meaning  ot  the  language  ot  otHers. 

THE     -A-TTTHOHS- 

Tho  hi<^h  rank  which  the  authors  have  attained  in  the  educational  field  and  their  long  and 
successful  experience  in  practical  school-work  especially  fit  them  lor  the  Preparation  of  text-books 
that  will  emiody  all  the^est  elements  of  modem  educative  ideas.  In  the  schools  of  St  Loms 
and  Cleveland,  over  which  two  of  them  have  long  presided,  the  subject  ot  reading  has  received 
more  than  usual  attention,  and  with  results  that  have  established  for  them  a  wide  reputa^^^^^ 
for  superior  elocutionary  discipline  and  accomplishments  ,  leeling  the  need  of  a  senesot  read- 
ing-books harmonizing' in  all'resnects  with  the  modes  of  instruction  f^^^^^'.fSontofii^^^  long 
tentative  work,  thev  have  carefulfy  prepared  these  volumes  in  the  belief  that  the  special  teat 
ures  enumerated  will  commend  them  to  practical,  teachers  every  where. 

Of  Professor  Bailey,  Instructor  of  Elocution  in  Yale  College,  it  is  ^/"'-'^^ess  to  speak  Iot  be 
is  known  throughout  tile  Union  as  being  without  a  peer  m  his  profes.uan.  His  methods  make 
natural,  not  mechanical  readers. 

D.  APPLETON  &  CO.,  Publishers, 

1,  3,  &  5  E  )«i>  Street,  New  York. 


h. 


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